公民力量: 无线电布拉格的历史网上虚拟展览！

2012年1月13日星期五

无线电布拉格的历史网上虚拟展览！

RP's Home * Top of Section * Next Page RP的家庭部分的顶部* * 下一页

Long Text - Page 1 of 15 长文本-第1页 15
How it all began 这一切是如何开始

The first inhabitants of the Czech lands were prehistoric fish.捷克土地的最早的居民是史前鱼类。 That's because the country, at the time, was covered by a prehistoric ocean - thanks to which it is possible to find some very nice fossils of trilobytes in the Czech Republic today.这是因为该国，在当时，是由史前的海洋覆盖 - 感谢它是可能找到在捷克共和国今天trilobytes一些非常漂亮的化石。

Today's Czech Republic was later populated by dinosaurs of all sorts, and later by neanderthals and even by mammoths.今天的捷克共和国后来填充的各种恐龙，后来由尼安德特人甚至猛犸。 The prehistoric settlement of the present-day Czech Republic by people culminated in the fourth century BC with the arrival of the Celts, the first modern human inhabitants of this territory that we know of.现今的捷克共和国的史前聚落，最终在公元前四世纪的人与凯尔特人，最早的现代人类的领土的居民，我们知道的到来。 In fact, the Latin name for the Czech lands, "Boiohaemum" (Bohemia), is derived from the name of the Boii Celtic tribe; and the Czech name for the Moldau River (which flows through the capital city of Prague) is Vltava - which is said to come from the Celtic "Vlt" meaning wild, and "Va" meaning water.事实上，“Boiohaemum”（波西米亚），拉丁名，捷克土地是来自Boii凯尔特部落的名称，和捷克的伏尔塔瓦河流域的名称（流通过首都布拉格）伏尔塔瓦 - 据说这是来自凯尔特语的“VLT”的含义野生的，和“VA”的含义水。

The Czech Celts were in part chased out of the region and in part assimilated by the next peoples to inhabit the area: the Germanic Marcomanni and Quadi tribes from the west and the Romans from the south.捷克凯尔特人追逐部分地区的部分由人民同化居住区：西日耳曼马科曼尼Quadi部落和罗马人从南。 (The Romans didn't actually occupy Czech territory - they only got as far north as the Danube River, which flows from Germany - through Austria along its border with Slovakia - and then over to Hungary before continuing on to Yugoslavia, and so just misses the Czech lands.) During the Migration of Peoples - roughly from the 3d to the 7th centuries AD - Slav colonization spread westward from the Steppes of the East (probably from Panonia) all the way to the territory of the present-day Czech Republic and up to Poland and down again to Yugoslavia. （罗马人没有实际占领捷克领土 - 它与斯洛伐克接壤的边境沿线经过奥地利 - - 他们远流，其中来自德国的多瑙河以北，然后转移到匈牙利，然后继续向南斯拉夫等只是惦记捷克的土地，在人民的迁移） - 大约从公元7世纪的3D - 斯拉夫殖民化从东（可能从Panonia）大草原向西蔓延到现今的捷克共和国境内的方式和波兰和向下再次南斯拉夫。 From probably the sixth century AD on, the Slavic peoples settled, in several waves of migration, into the regions which had been conveniently abandoned by the Germanic tribes.从大概是公元六世纪上，斯拉夫民族，在几波的迁移落户到已方便日耳曼部落遗弃的地区。

This is the way that it all came to be - according to popular Czech legend: Once upon a time there were three brothers: Czech, Lech and Rus.这是，这一切来的方式 - 按照流行的捷克传奇：曾几何时，有三个兄弟：捷克，瓦和RUS。 One day, they decided to find a new place to live, and so they and their tribes set out on a journey.有一天，他们决定找到一个新的地方居住，所以他们和他们的部落的旅程。 They got as far as the Dnieper River when Rus said, "This is the place for me and my tribe!"他们得到尽可能第聂伯河时，罗斯说，“这是对我和我的的部落的地方！” and there the Russians stayed.有俄罗斯停留。 Czech (who is known as "Praotec Cech," or Ancestor Czech in these parts)捷克（“Praotec切赫，被称为”或祖先捷克在这些部位） and Lech continued.莱赫继续。 Soon, they came upon a rich land overflowing with milk and honey and不久，他们来到了丰富的奶与蜜满溢的土地，并 Czech climbed to the top of Rip hill捷克攀升的RIP山的顶部 in Bohemia and decided that this was the place for him and for his tribe.在波希米亚和决定，这是对他和他的部落的地方。 Lech and his people continued their journey and settled in present-day Poland.瓦和他的人继续他们的旅程，在现今的波兰定居。 Other versions of the legend have 7 brothers in all, with the addition of other Slav nations like the Croats (who have a similar legend about 7 wandering brothers) and some others whose names are not remembered anymore.其他版本的传说在所有7个兄弟，除了与其他斯拉夫国家，如克罗地亚人（约7流浪兄弟有一个类似的传说）和其他一些人的名字不记得了。 One modern interpretation of the story has the Czechs spending some time in Greece before finally heading north and settling, and this would actually conveniently explain the similarities between certain Czech legends (like that of Bruncvik's odyssey or of一个故事的现代诠释的捷克前在希腊度过一段时间，终于盼到了北部和解决，这实际上方便解释之间有一定的捷克传说的相似之处（如Bruncvik的 “奥德赛“或 Sarka and her band of women warriors) with Greek ones. Sarka和她的乐队的女战士与希腊的）。

Czech legend goes on to say that Cech's people were happy in the Czech lands, and after a few generations and some time had passed, the Slavs of Bohemia had a new leader - a guy by the name of Krok, who lived at Vysehrad (which means "high castle" and is today the site of the Czech National Cemetery).捷克传奇云上说，切赫的人是在捷克土地感到高兴，和一个几世代和一段时间过去后，波希米亚的斯拉夫人了一个新的领导者 - Krok，谁住在维谢赫拉德（名称的家伙这的意思是“高城堡”，是当今捷克国家公墓的网站）。 Probably the most important thing about Krok were his three very beautiful daughters, who were named Kazi, Teta and Libuse.约Krok也许最重要的是他的三个非常漂亮的女儿，被命名为卡子，TETA和Libuse。 The last of these, Libuse, had special powers which allowed her to see the future (Kazi, the oldest, was a healer who knew the secrets of the plants and herbs, while Teta was high priestess).最后，这些Libuse，这让她看到了未来（卡子，历史最悠久，是一个治疗谁知道植物和草药的秘密，而TETA高女祭司）的特殊权力。

Libuse's talent came in particularly handy when it came time for her to marry. Libuse的人才来了，当它来为她结婚的时候特别方便。 According to legend, she inherited rule over the Czech tribes from her father, Krok.据传说，她继承了捷克的部落从她的父亲，Krok规则。 As ruler of the lands, she was also the highest 'court of appeal' for disputes among the people.作为土地的统治者，她也最高的“上诉法院”的人之间的纠纷。 It is said that a guy who did not like one of her decisions as judge started a stink about the fact that the Czechs were ruled by a woman.有人说，一个人谁不喜欢她作为法官的决定之一开始了对捷克人由女人统治的事实臭。 And so Libuse had a vision - and sent her white horse, accompanied by a group of her subjects - to go out and find a guy ploughing in his field.所以Libuse有一个梦想 - 送她的白马，伴随着她的臣民 - 走出去，找到一个家伙在他的领域深耕。 After a journey of some days, the horse and the humans did indeed come upon just such a man (and nobody seemed surprised at all at this - neither the humans nor the horse nor even the man himself) and Przemysl Ploughman (Premysl Orac in Czech) came to Vysehrad and married Libuse and took over the job of ruling the unruly Czechs and he and Libuse together started the Przemyslid Dynasty, which ruled over the Czech lands till the 14th century.经过一些天的旅程中，马和人类确实临到就是这样一个人（似乎没有人惊讶于所有在此-既不是人类也不是马甚至也不是他本人）和Przemysl Ploughman（Premysl ORAC在捷克）来到维谢赫拉德，已婚Libuse，并接手统治不羁捷克的工作，他和Libuse一起开始Przemyslid王朝统治，直到14世纪，在捷克土地。
One day, not long after the wedding, Libuse had a vision in which she foretold of the glory of the Czech capital.婚礼后没多久，有一天，Libuse有一个梦想，她预言捷克首都的荣耀。 Standing atop Vysehrad hill, she went into a trance and told her vision to the people even as the gods sent it to her.站在维谢赫拉德山之上，她进入一种恍惚的人告诉她的视力，甚至为神派给她。 She said that on the seven hills of Prague a fair city would grow, the fame of which would rise to the very stars.她说，布拉格的七个山丘上，一个公平的城市将增长，其中的名声将上升到非常明星。 And all that she saw and all of which she foretold really came true.而且，她看到和她预言真的实现了。 Of course!当然！
Now, while Cech and Libuse are the stuff of imaginative Czech legend , it is believed that Samo - who may or may not have ruled this part of the world in the first half of the seventh century AD - was probably a real person.现在，而切赫和Libuse 想象力的捷克传奇的东西，它是认为萨莫-可能或可能不会有统治这个世界的一部分，在公元七世纪的上半年-可能是一个真正的人。 It's hard to tell, though, since nobody is sure of minor details like where Samo was from, where Samo lived, or where Samo ruled - if, that is, he existed at all.它很难说，虽然，因为没有人是肯定像其中萨莫是从微小的细节，萨莫生活，或在萨莫裁定 - 如果是，他的存在在所有。 If he did, he is thought to have been a Frankish merchant who placed himself on the side of the Slavs against the wicked Avar tribes of Hungary.如果他这样做，他被认为已被人放在一边斯拉夫人自己对邪恶的匈牙利阿瓦尔部落法兰克的商人。 He is mentioned in early chronicles, where his address is given as Wogastisburg Fortress.他提到在早期的编年史，他的地址是Wogastisburg丰泽。 Nobody today knows where this Wogastisburg Fortress was - but it's believed by Czechs to have stood on Rubin hill in Bohemia .没有人今天知道这Wogastisburg堡垒-但它是由捷克人认为有山鲁宾站在波希米亚。

Wherever Samo's home base really was, his rule seems to represent the first successful attempt at uniting the Slavic tribes - and since the Slavs are not exactly known for their brotherly love for one another (then again, who in Europe is?), this was quite a feat.无论萨莫的家基地真的是，他的统治似乎到代表团结的斯拉夫部落的首次成功尝试 - 和自斯拉夫人是不正是他们彼此之间兄弟般的爱称为（？话又说回来，在欧洲谁是），这是相当一个壮举。 The reason for this unification under Samo was, predictably, quite pragmatic.下萨莫统一的原因，可以预见，相当务实。 The Slavic tribes cooperated in order to withstand attacks by the Avars, a powerful Asian tribe whose home was on the plains of Hungary.斯拉夫部落的合作，以抵御阿瓦尔人的攻击，一个强大的亚洲部落的家在匈牙利平原。

At some point, Charlemagne joined in the battle against the Avars in this part of the world, cooperating either with Samo or with the state structure that came after him - the Great Moravian Empire.在某些时候，查理曼的加入对阿瓦尔人的战斗中，在这个世界的一部分，与萨莫或与国家的结构后，他来到的合作 - 大摩拉维亚帝国。

Again, reports on the Great Moravian Empire are fuzzy.同样，大摩拉维亚帝国的报告是模糊的。 According to period chronicles, the people living along the Morava River at the time were already known as "Moravians," and their short-lived empire existed "somewhere" between today's Slovakia and Germany, and Poland and Austria (that is, somewhere in today's Czech Republic) in the 8th and/or 9th century.据时期的编年史，生活在时间摩拉维亚河沿岸的人们已经已知为“摩拉维亚，”和他们的短命帝国存在的“某处”今天的斯洛伐克和德国，以及波兰和奥地利之间（即是，在今天的某处捷克共和国）在第8和/或第9个世纪。 Just like Wogastisburg Fortress, it's claimed to have stood in different places by all the people who live in those different places.就像Wogastisburg丰泽，它声称在不同的地方，站在所有的人生活在不同的地方。

At some time during the ninth century, Greater Moravia was ruled by the Moravian prince Svatopluk and had grown to include today's South Moravia, the southernmost bits of present-day Poland and Silesia, the western part of Hungary and, for a short time, the whole of Bohemia.在一段时间在第九世纪，大摩拉维亚的摩拉维亚王子Svatopluk裁定，已增长到今天的南摩拉维亚，现今波兰和西里西亚，匈牙利西部的最南端位和，很短的时间，在波希米亚的整体。 Perhaps the most important thing about the Great Moravians is that theirs was the first legal sort of state structure in the area to accept Christianity, and the cultural development of the Greater Moravian Empire is inseparably linked to the spread of the eastern Byzantine liturgy of Sts Cyril and Methodius, who came to these parts in 863.也许关于大摩拉维亚最重要的是，他们在该地区的第一个国家结构的法律排序，接受基督教，大摩拉维亚帝国的文化发展有着不可分割的联系STS西里尔东部的拜占庭礼仪的传播Methodius，863排在这些部位。 They were invited by the Moravians - who were interested in Christianity but couldn't understand the language in which it was preached at the time.他们被邀请的摩拉维亚 - 基督教有兴趣，但无法理解它当时鼓吹的语言。 Cyril and Methodius were chosen for the mission because they understood and were able to speak in the Slavic tongue (again lending weight to the theory that the Slavs of these parts had not long before been spending some time in Greece). Cyril和Methodius被选择为使命，因为他们的理解，并能够在斯拉夫的舌头说话（再次贷款的理论，这些部位的斯拉夫人前不久在希腊度过一段时间的重量）。

Some buildings from around about this time still stand - mostly Romanesque basilicas like the one on Rip Hill (the very hill that Great-Granddad Czech liked so much!), at Vysehrad, in Prague's Old Town, and at other places.大约在这个时候一些建筑物周围仍然站立 - 大多是罗马式大教堂，像瑞普山之一（！非常大爷爷捷克喜欢这么多的山），在维谢赫拉德，在布拉格的旧城区，并在其他地方。 It was Cyril and Methodius, too, who brought the written word to the region (the Cyrillic alphabet is named for Cyril even though his real name was not Cyril but Constantine).这是Cyril和Methodius，也带来了文字的地区（西里尔西里尔字母命名，即使他的真名是不是西里尔但康斯坦丁）。 The beginning of a written Slavic language was to be of enormous importance to Slavic nations in the Middle Ages.书面斯拉夫语的开头是在中世纪的斯拉夫国家的巨大重要性。 On the downside, the introduction of Christianity to this territory was so overwhelmingly successful that we know very little today about the pre-Christian religion of the pagan Slavs.在缺点方面，引进了基督教的领土是极为成功的，我们知道前基督教宗教对异教的斯拉夫人很少今天的。
The Greater Moravian Empire disintegrated thanks to the Hungarian invasion of 903 or 904 and political intrigue in the early days of the Holy Roman Empire.大摩拉维亚帝国解体感谢在神圣罗马帝国初期的903或904匈牙利的入侵和政治阴谋。 After that, the Slavic mission in Moravia - which had been established by the missionaries Cyril and Methodius - collapsed, and the population reverted to tribal conditions.之后，在摩拉维亚斯拉夫的使命 - 建立了由传教士西里尔和Methodius - 倒塌，人口回归部落的条件。 The Christian heritage of the Greater Moravian Empire, however, was to be preserved with the ascent of the Przemyslid dynasty to the throne of Bohemia.然而，大摩拉维亚帝国的基督教传统Przemyslid王朝上升到王位的波希米亚保存。