三妹：美国民主基金会资助中国民运的实录和分析
【 新闻网2010-11-25讯】 作者：三妹来稿
多年来，海外关心民运的人们对美国国家民主基金会的钱的去处有着各种各样的猜疑和传闻。在中共对海外渗透和收买到了无所不在的地步的今天，一些华裔也开始质疑中共对美国民主基金会的企图，各种传闻也相继而来。我最近收到的一个电邮直指中共渗透：“世界上没有任何一个国家能想出如此诡计，挥霍纳税人血汗钱作渗透费，收买曾经的反对派里外通吃，去聚敛西方支持中国民主运动的经费和各种资源，对极权专制真正的敌手孤立残害、釜底抽薪，让不明真相的国民在被延长的黑暗和苦难中再次拥戴奸雄，欢呼雀跃。史上最盛大的假面舞会正在最聪明的华人中上演。”
我们一些人可能没有意识到，美国民主基金会的钱是我们美国纳税人的钱，我们美国纳税人有权利监督他们如何花钱。我们也有权利监督那些被美国民主基金会资助的组织、机构或个人，我们也有权利要求像中国独立笔会这样的拿美国民主基金会钱的组织公开他们的财政年度报表。遗憾的是，这些花着我们美国纳税人钱的中国人不懂他们应该被我们监督，而我们这些美籍华人也不懂自己的监督权利，所以才有对美国民主基金会的资金去处的各种传闻，而不是直接向美国民主基金会当面质疑。
其实，这些钱的去处都是公开的，美国民主基金会有义务提供我们想知道的信息。我们自己也可以去美国民主基金会的网站查找：www.ned.org .
美国民主基金会（The National Endowment for Democracy）于1983年注册登记成立，始于当时里根总统提出要美国研究和推动海外民主发展，后经美国政治基金会建议成立一个跨党派的非盈利组织，并由美国国会每年拨款一亿美元，用以资助海外八十多个国家的民主化事业。这些款项均来自于美国纳税人。
到2007年，在成立十四年后，美国国家民主基金会资助亚洲各国（包括中国、缅甸、巴基斯坦、朝鲜、印度尼西亚、菲律宾、马来西亚、东帝汶、斯里兰卡 、尼泊尔、泰国、孟加拉国国、越南、柬埔寨、印度等国）的金额共计2201.938万美元，其中资助中国大陆民主运动共611.0531万美元，占亚洲总额的27.75%。大陆、香港、藏运、疆运各获477.4733万、36.9983万、44.4710万、52.1105万美元。
美国国家民主基金会的成员中有数字是国会议员。现时美国民主基金会董事长理查德‧杰法特（Richard Gephardt），是美国众议院少数派前领袖，专长经济问题和外交事务；执行主席卡尔‧杰什曼（Carl Gershman），是美国前众议员。基金会董事会包括现任参议员、众议员、商界高层及学者等。
二0一0年十一月二十三日（在我完成这篇文章的当天），美国之音《时事大家谈》的专题节目《美国国家民主基金会及其运作》专访了美国国家民主基金会副总裁路易莎.格雷夫（Louisa Greve），这位副总裁介绍基金会时说到：美国国家民主基金会不支持革命，对国家解体不感兴趣。支持用劝说方式在政体体制中实行变化，追求民主目标的组织。
请看视频: 美国国家民主基金会及其运作http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=A58DD9948ABDB457
我相信，美国国家民主基金会对中共的态度是与美国国会的态度一致的。
这二十年来，美国政府更关心它能以最小的代价在中国获取最大的经济利益，更关心中国能稳定地向它提供廉价产品。正如媒体人格兰.贝克（Glenn Beck）在他二00九年出版的新书《常识》所言，贪婪使美国偏离了美国先贤们建立的根本理念。
这二十年来，我们已经清楚地看到，贪婪使美国忘记了美国为人权和自由而战的光荣历史，偏离了人权高于一切的根本理念。
不可避免地，美国民主基金会在资助中国民主事业的同时也豢养了一些专吃民运饭的投机者。这些投机的“民运精英”精明地领悟了美国民主基金会的“温和”宗旨，他们建立网站和组织以申请美国民主基金会的项目资金，玩的是与中共极权打不痛不痒的花拳绣腿和暗通款曲。从骂“中共六亲不认、油盐酱醋不吃”，一百八十度转弯到提倡大爱的“无敌派”，都可以看到这些专吃民运饭的海外“民运精英”的堕落和投机的影子。
美国国家民主基金会对中国大陆民运的资助涵盖着流亡欧美的大陆民运团体与大陆内各地卓有成效的“非政府组织”（NGO）。十年前，第一批受惠者有：中国战略研究所（王军涛、王希哲）、中国观察（卢四清）、中国劳工通讯（韩东方）、香港职工会联盟（刘千石）、中国人权（方励之、苏晓康、刘青）、民主中国（苏晓康）、二十一世纪中国基金会（刘凯申、张伟国）、中国之春（王炳章）、全美学自联、新闻自由导报（王军涛、吴仁华）、倾向季刊与今天文学季刊（贝岭、北岛）、北京之春（胡平）、华夏文摘（熊波）、劳改基金会（吴弘达）、大参考（李洪宽）、中国民主党、纵览中国、普林斯顿中国学社（刘宾雁）、当代中国（赵穗生、黎安友）以及八个藏运组织。
美国民主基金会资助劳联产联的资金份额相当可观。劳联产联是成立于一八八六年的美国劳工联合会在一九五五年与美国产业工会联合会合并而改名形成，它下设三个专责机构：美国国际劳工团结中心、国际劳工通讯协会、美国研究所。这些下属机构也拨款给中国人组织，比如美国国际劳工团结中心。
下面是民主基金会网站公布的二○○九年的资助名单中的中国的资助部分：
一、法治与公众参与(Rule of Law and Public Participation，获年资助$458,660)，支持中国境内的各类教育、研究、政策分析以及法援项目。
二、美国国际劳工团结中心（American Center for International Labor Solidarity，获四笔资助达数十万美元，详情见下面英文原版，蔡崇国主管），以增进中国劳工权利与职业安全、提供劳工法律援助、开展职工教育讲习班、加强劳动监管等五个项目。
三、亚洲促进会（Asia Catalyst，获两项年资助共计$177,587），设立中文讯息网站，作为一个区域论坛，促进跨境非政府组织之间的联系。
四、劳改基金会（Laogai Research Foudation，吴弘达主管），旨在调查与揭露中国大陆劳改营亵渎人权的事例，争取废除劳改、劳教制度，从美国民主基金会获取少量资金，该组织是否还从其他方面获取资金不明。
五、中国讯息中心（China Information Centre，获年资助$292,000，
由香港卢四清创立并经营，吴弘达收钱管账），透过两个新闻网站报导和评论在中国大陆发生的重大事件。
六、中国人权（Human Rights in China, Inc. 获年资助$250,000，谭竞嫦Sharon K.Hom主管）。年资助比2008年锐减四成多，系内部人事纷争所致。
七、北京知爱行讯息咨询有限公司（Beijing Zhiaixing Information and Counseling Company Limited 获年资助$255,000），从事艾滋病防治工作。
八、普林斯顿中国学社（Princeton China Initiative，有多个项目，林培瑞、陈奎德、蔡楚等各掌管不同项目），为大陆网民设立表达意见的平台，出版网刊《纵览中国》（陈奎德主管）和《参与》（蔡楚主管），此学社获多项资金总共数额近六十五万美元（详见下面英文原版）。
九、现代中国研究中心（Center for Modern China ，获年资助$231,000，陈一咨主管），出版《现代中国研究》季刊，探讨当代中国的经济与社会问题。资助已于二00九年第四季度取消。
十、国际私营企业中心(Center for International Private Enterprise，获两笔资助共$235,835万美元)，以改善私营企业管理、举办政经改革论坛等两项项目。
十一、北京之春（Beijing Spring, Inc.，获年资助 $145,000，胡平主管），是分析与评论中国政局的月刊。二○一○年度自四月一日起停止出版纸本，改为网上刊物，以继续申请资助。
十二、新闻网（Boxun，又名中国自由新闻 China Free Press
获年资助$155,000，韦石主管），向国人提供网络平台。
十三、民主中国（Democratic China, Inc. 获年资助$195,000 and 特加费Supplement $18,000，共计$213,000，原社长是刘晓波，现由身在大陆的张祖桦主管，实务由蔡楚代理。）是一份网上中文周刊。
十四、独立中文笔会（Independent Chinese PEN Centre, Inc. 获年资助 $152,950）。
十五、北京叶任平讯息咨询中心（Beijing Yirenping Information & Counseling Center, LLC，获年资助$100,000），以电话热线向公众提供法律援助，为律师与市民举办一系列讨论会以便向当局提供法律改革意见。
十六、北京纳兰文化传播有限公司（Beijing Dongzhen-Nalan Cultural Communication Co., Ltd. (BDNCCC)，获年资助 $45,000，创办人李旦、方政），培训民间团体，引进有关人权的基本概念与组织建议，以加强民间的人权意识。
十七、赛勒拉可公司（Celeluck），出版《开放》杂志，每年获10万美元资助达四年之久，在2009年财政年度中，美国民主基金会已取消对其资助，原因是效绩差、销量少。
十八、对华援助协会(China Aid Association，获年资助$75,000
傅希秋牧师主管），宗旨是促进中国宗教信仰自由，出版有关监察中国法律与宗教现状的半年刊，揭露教徒的人权遭受蹂躏的个案。
十九、中国劳工通讯(Friends of China Labour Bulletin，获年资助$40,000，李强主管），在提升中国劳工权益方面从事宣传教育与法律援助等项工作。所获年资助比去年锐减。
二十、中国学社(Initiatives for China，获年资助$85,000)，举办跨种族的会议，以促进中国各民族、各民运团体之间的互信与合作。
廿一、国际记者协会（International Federation of Journalists
获年资助$32,000)透过派发纸本与电子刊物来培训中国新闻工作者提高自主意识。
廿二、晨钟出版社（Morning Bell Press，获年资助$25,191*），由六‧四时被上海公安局短期拘留的复旦大学港生姚勇战之父姚文田主持，出版与派发大陆作者撰写的有关中国现代史重大事件的著作。
廿三、国家民主研究所（National Democratic Institute (NDI)，获年资助$141,830）1983年成立，在全球109个国家或地区（包括中国、香港、台湾）设有办事处，总部在华盛顿特区，董事会主席是美国前驻联合国大使奥尔布赖特。该机构致力于在全球范围内支持与加强公民参与，以建立公民参与、公开问责民主政府。
廿四、南（内）蒙古人权讯息中心Southern Mongolian Human Rights Information Center，获年资助$88,000），透过英文与蒙文电子出版物〈南蒙古观察〉的网站来报导中国内蒙古自治区的人权现况。
廿五、魏京生基金会（Wei Jingsheng Foundation，Inc.，获年资助 $54,300**），以互联网联络中外记者，促使国际社会了解中国劳工权益的现况。
NED对香港民运人士的资助仅三个项目。
一、美国国际劳工团结中心（韩东方），以保障中国与香港的劳工权益为宗旨，设有中、英文网站，还在自由亚洲电台设立《劳工通讯》节目，每周对大陆广播两次。建立中国独立工运团结基金，救济、抚恤受迫害的独立工运人士及其家属子女。获年资助12.5456万美元。
二、思汇政策研究所（陆恭蕙），是以香港为基地、研究公共政策的机构，成立于二○○○年十月，现已出版专书《地下阵线——中共在香港的历史》与网上研究报告〈亚洲水资源项目〉。
三、香港人权监察，成立于1995年4月，主席庄耀光，总干事罗沃启，执委毛孟静、陈志诚等。每年撰写香港人权现况报告，以吸引国际社会关注香港的人权状况，获年资助17万美元。
另外，美国国务院民主人权和劳工局也自一九九八年开始资助中国项目。
*星号表示该项资助出自美国国务院而非民主基金会。在美国国际劳工团结中心总数中有30，272美元出自美国国务院。
**第二十一至二十五项为2009年新增项目。
美国国家民主基金会这块肥肉使海外中国民运专业户垂涎欲滴，他们以各种方式分得一杯羹。当你听说某位民运人士以不同机构名义得到美国民主基金会资助，每月支取数千到一万美元的薪水时，你不要只把它当成一个新闻。
一些海外民运人士经过二十年的经营到今日已经逐渐蜕变成享受项目资金的人士，他们大多放弃了当年让中共下台建立民主制度的初衷，而蜕变成无敌合作派。他们既吃透了美国国家民主基金会的用意，又摸透了中共绝不会放弃权力的本性，却还在摇着民运大旗，玩着“劝说”的把戏，沾着我们纳税人钱的实惠，又戴着中国民运精英的光环，其所作所为对中国民主运动到底有何裨益，他们心知肚明。这值得关心中国民主前途的人们的深思。
三妹
二0一0年十一月二十三日
附：美国民主基金会二00九年中国地区年度报告英文原文
进入此网站步骤：1.www.ned.org;2.在顶端找到并双击ublications；3.在右侧窗户中点击2009 asia annual report;4.找到china;你就能得到这份当年的资助财政报告
2009 Annual Report
China
Rule of Law and Public Participation（法治与公众参与）
$458,660
To strengthen the rule of law, enhance citizens’ awareness of their legal rights, enhance norms of access to information and the free flow of information, and broaden participation in public policy debates. Projects will support a variety of educational, research, policy analysis, and legal aid activities.
American Center for International Labor Solidarity（美国国际劳工团结中心）
$271,863
To promote workers’ rights by building the research and advocacy capacity of emerging grassroots industrial accident victims’ NGOs in China. The Solidarity Center will work with local partners to support initiatives that foster Chinese NGOs’ participation in domestic networks seeking to open space for civil society involvement in implementing industrial occupational safety and health (OSH), and to strengthen links between Chinese and international OSH advocates.
American Center for International Labor Solidarity（美国国际劳工团结中心）
$133,958
To strengthen rule of law and labor rights enforcement, and to promote the peaceful resolution of labor disputes. The Solidarity Center and its long-time partner will work together to enhance the advocacy skills and online networking ability of labor lawyers and workers rights groups, as well as to foster international solidarity with grassroots labor-rights protection initiatives.
American Center for International Labor Solidarity（美国国际劳工团结中心）
$127,806
The Solidarity Center will support worker rights advocates to educate and empower workers to protect their rights. The Solidarity Center will provide training in practical skills and knowledge for selected advocates; promote and sustain networks of worker rights NGOs, labor law reformers and practitioners; provide technical models for integrating occupational safety and health principles and improvements into a nascent collective bargaining processes; and promote plant-level occupational safety and health worker committees.
American Center for International Labor Solidarity（美国国际劳工团结中心）
$30,272*
Through its website, continued distribution of its worker rights information CDs inside China, and frequent interviews with the international and Chinese press, the Solidarity Center’s partner aims to promote awareness among Chinese workers of their rights and, by speaking on behalf of Chinese workers, inform the international community on the labor rights situation in China.
Asia Catalyst, Inc. （亚洲促进会）
$145,000*
To improve Chinese NGOs’ operational capacity, and facilitate cooperation between Chinese NGOs and counterparts in the region. Asia Catalyst will develop a Chinese-language web-based forum featuring a variety of resources for NGOs, including information about human rights, social justice, and environmental protection efforts across the region. Asia Catalyst will also organize training programs for NGO staff and volunteers, including workshops on decision-making and other internal governance processes.
Asia Catalyst, Inc. （亚洲促进会）
$32,587*
To function as a regional forum and facilitate cross-border linkages among NGOs. Asia Catalyst will maintain a Chinese-language informational website that will include resources for NGOs and post information about human rights, social justice, and environmental protection initiatives.
Beijing Dongzhen-Nalan Cultural Communication Co., Ltd. (BDNCCC) （北京纳兰文化传播有限公司）
$45,000
To strengthen civil society and advance respect for human rights. BDNCCC will facilitate several trainings for civic groups to introduce to participants basic concepts of human rights and organizational development skills, such as management systems, leadership, and team building.
Beijing Spring, Inc. （北京之春）
$145,000
To publish the monthly Chinese-language magazine Beijing Spring, which carries analysis and commentary by authors inside and outside China regarding political developments, social issues, and the prospects for democratization in China.
Beijing Yirenping Information & Counseling Center, LLC（北京叶任平讯息咨询中心）
$100,000
To promote the rule of law and the development of public interest law in China. The Center will maintain a telephone hotline to provide citizens with legal aid, conduct research regarding legal reforms and produce related public reports, make policy recommendations to relevant authorities, and hold a discussion series for lawyers and concerned citizens.
Beijing Zhiaixing Information and Counseling Company Limited（北京知爱行讯息咨询有限公司）
$255,000
To operate a diverse program promoting accountability and human rights. The work of the organization will include legal aid, investigative reporting, activist training, and human rights documentation related to HIV/AIDS and other public health threats.
Center for International Private Enterprise (CIPE) （国际私营企业中心）
$120,188
To encourage better local public governance in China, to advance discussion of democratic governance, and to enhance private-sector participation in policy debates. CIPE will support its local partner to develop and produce the first edition of a planned annual empirical analysis of local government performance as reported in the domestic media, which will complement the partner’s established annual index rating provincial governments on public governance best practices and actual outcomes. The partner will also continue its highly successful bi-weekly policy symposia.
Center for International Private Enterprise（国际私营企业中心）
$115,647
To encourage opportunities for free and open public debate about current events, political issues and reform agendas in China. CIPE will support a local partner’s weekly discussion forums at which key policy issues and current events can be freely debated. The forums are open to the public and aim to attract participants from diverse backgrounds. The forum organizer will create a summary of the discussion after each forum, and distribute it online and in print format.
Center for Modern China（现代中国研究中心）
$231,000
To maintain a forum for informed and responsible debate of public policy questions. The Center will publish Modern China Studies, a quarterly Chinese-language scholarly journal that features economic and social science research concerning liberal, democratic solutions to contemporary policy questions in China.
China Aid Association, Inc. (对华援助协会)
$75,000
To promote religious freedom in China. China Aid will provide legal aid in select cases, and publish the Chinese Law & Religion Monitor, a semi-annual journal containing analysis and documentation of religious issues and human rights abuses, particularly concerning religion.
China Free Press （新闻网Boxun，又名中国自由新闻）
$155,000
To expand the space for free expression. China Free Press will host banned and censored Chinese prodemocracy websites that provide a platform for discussion and debate on current events and important social, political and economic questions facing China. China Free Press will also maintain a dedicated civil rights column as a forum for reports, commentary, and appeals by citizens.
China Information Center（中国讯息中心）
$292,000
To provide an alternative source of news and opinion for audiences in China. The Center will disseminate news, commentary, and independent analysis of developments in China and important international events through two Chinese-language websites and an email list.
China Labor Watch
$34,070
To promote labor rights and government accountability. The Solidarity Center’s partner organization conducts in-depth research on labor issues, disseminates a variety of research and educational publications, and engages in related legal aid and advocacy activities.
Democratic China, Inc. （民主中国）
$195,000
$18,000 (Supplement)
To promote well-informed and uncensored dialogue on issues relevant to China’s political development. The grantee will publish the online Chinese-language magazine Minzhu Zhongguo (Democratic China), which carries news and analysis by authors inside and outside of China regarding current affairs, culture, history, and international relations.
Friends of China Labor Bulletin, Inc. （中国劳工通讯）
$40,000
To promote labor rights and government accountability. The organization conducts in-depth research on labor issues, disseminates a variety of research and educational publications, and engages in related legal aid and advocacy activities.
Human Rights in China, Inc. （中国人权）
$250,000
To advance internationally recognized human rights in China. HRIC facilitates the work of domestic groups in building an effective agenda for social, legal, and political development through collaborative research and education, print and electronic publications, and advocacy.
Independent Chinese PEN Centre, Inc. （独立中文笔会）
$152,950
To promote freedom of expression in China. Activities will include translation of materials on freedom of expression into Chinese, publishing banned materials to enable Chinese readers to have access to diverse views and literary works despite official censorship, and organizing domestic and international advocacy campaigns on behalf of imprisoned writers and journalists.
Initiatives for China(中国学社)
$85,000
To promote inter-ethnic understanding, mutual trust, and cooperation among pro-democracy activists from different ethnic groups in China. Initiatives for China will organize an inter-ethnic conference with conflict resolution workshops and panel discussions on democracy, human rights, and religious freedom.
International Federation of Journalists（国际记者协会）
$32,000
To strengthen the capacity of local journalists to advance press freedom in China. The program will provide training in international standards and practices, facilitate regional engagement in monitoring press freedom in China, and distribute print and electronic reports and newsletters.
International Republican Institute (IRI)
$880,000
To strengthen independent grassroots institutions, open dialogue on public policy questions, and more widespread rights awareness. IRI will support the healthy development of civil society organizations and coalitions via both subgrant support and technical assistance, including exchanges enabling Chinese civil society actors and government officials to observe and discuss relevant social and regulatory frameworks as implemented by their Central European counterparts.
International Republican Institute (IRI)
$320,000
To increase transparency and accountability in local government, and to advance dialogue between grassroots civil society and local and national government on public policy development and implementation. IRI will support an integrated, multifaceted program designed to open the budgeting process to greater oversight and input by local legislators. IRI will also undertake cooperative activities with a local think tank to promote the development of responsive social policy and to implement experimental reforms as an advocacy tool for wider reform.
International Republican Institute (IRI)*
$45,000
To strengthen rural women’s land rights in China. IRI will partner with a grassroots non-governmental organization to conduct multiple stakeholder workshops and outreach in a selected province. The project will research, document, and publicize, realistic, replicable best practices in protecting rural women’s equal access to land-use rights, as is required under the law.
International Uyghur Human Rights and Democracy Foundation
$226,804
To advance the human rights of ethnic Uyghur women and children. The Foundation will maintain an English- and Uyghur-language website on the human rights situation of Uyghur women and children; conduct a civic-education seminar for Uyghur women; and conduct advocacy on behalf of the human rights of Uyghurs in China.
Laogai Research Foundation（劳改基金会）
$53,000
To campaign for the abolition of the Laogai labor camps. The Foundation will carry out investigation and documentation of the Laogai system and other human rights concerns in China, and will publish additional books in its Chinese-language series featuring the memoirs of Laogai survivors.
Morning Bell Press（晨钟出版社）
$25,191*
To stimulate public debate regarding reforms in China. Morning Bell Press will publish and distribute original works by Chinese authors regarding key events in recent Chinese history.
National Democratic Institute (NDI) （国家民主研究所）
$141,830
To deepen the understanding and practice of democratic principles. NDI will work to strengthen citizen participation in environmental decision making. NDI will conduct workshops on practical participatory methods; develop an informal network with environmental NGO leaders and officials; and compile best practices and models of public participation in environmental decision making.
Princeton China Initiative（普林斯顿中国学社）
$320,000
To promote human rights in China. The Princeton China Initiative will carry out a broad program of support for human rights projects to enhance transparency, accountability, legal knowledge, and access to justice.
Princeton China Initiative（普林斯顿中国学社）
$187,087
To promote media freedoms and civic engagement via the internet in China. The Princeton China Initiative’s China Digital Network program will bring together specialists in internet technology to exchange information and create online tools that can be used by ordinary Chinese citizens, journalists and social activists for “citizen journalism” and civic-oriented, open communication.
Princeton China Initiative（普林斯顿中国学社）
$125,000
To provide an effective forum for free expression and to stimulate liberal debate on China’s international role. Princeton China Initiative will publish China in Perspective Magazine, which will provide a pluralistic platform for Chinese writers to discuss issues related to comparative democratization, Chinese foreign policy making, responsible international behavior, and nationalism.
Princeton China Initiative（普林斯顿中国学社）
$15,200
To promote human rights in China. The Princeton China Initiative will carry out a broad program of support for human rights projects to enhance transparency, accountability, legal knowledge, and access to justice.
Southern Mongolian Human Rights Information Center（南（内）蒙古人权讯息中心）
$88,000
To advance the human rights of ethnic Mongols living in the Southern Mongolia region of China. SMHRIC will report on the human rights conditions in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, also known as Southern Mongolia, through its website and its English and Mongolian language electronic publication, Southern Mongolian Watch.
Wei Jingsheng Foundation, Inc. （魏京生基金会）
$54,300
To promote awareness among Chinese workers of their rights and to inform the international community on the labor rights situation in China. The Foundation will continue its outreach through its website, continued distribution of information to China, and frequent interviews with the international and Chinese press.
* Indicates Department of State funding beyond NED's annual appropriation （中译文：星号表示美国国务院资助而非美国民主基金会的年资助——三妹译）The grant listings posted here are from the 2009 Annual Report, published in June 2010. (中译文：此处列出的资助金列表来自二0一0年六月发表的二00九年年度报告——三妹译)
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