tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553876672878195592024-03-14T11:45:32.279+08:00公民力量CIVIL MACHTUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger967125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-355387667287819559.post-23055617473887211952023-09-28T01:59:00.002+08:002023-09-28T01:59:43.472+08:00惊爆习超级恐怖绝密 逃美中国知名媒体人一口气曝5大事<p> <span style="background-color: white; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Noto Sans CJK", "Noto Sans TC", "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimHei, 黑體, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; text-align: justify;">波罗网王笃若报道/旅居美国的前中国资深媒体人赵兰健14日在X平台(原推特)根据内部消息独家爆料,</span><a class="keyword" href="https://www.aboluowang.com/tag/%E6%9D%8E%E5%B0%9A%E7%A6%8F-1.html" style="background-color: white; color: #2e317c; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Noto Sans CJK", "Noto Sans TC", "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimHei, 黑體, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; text-align: justify;">李尚福</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Noto Sans CJK", "Noto Sans TC", "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimHei, 黑體, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; text-align: justify;">1日被抓,8日,装备发展部就抓了6个副部级(军以上)干部,2个局级干部,都是李尚福招供后指认的。</span></p><article id="content" style="background-color: white; clear: both; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Noto Sans CJK", "Noto Sans TC", "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimHei, 黑體, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto !important; line-height: 1.2em;"><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">赵兰健25日在X平台再次根据中国大陆内部来源,独家爆料:题为《<a class="keyword" href="https://www.aboluowang.com/tag/%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3-1.html" style="color: #2e317c;">习近平</a>酝酿一大怪招》。爆料包括几件大事。</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">首先是张升民、张又侠没出事。他说:“张升民、张又侠,让各国媒体和军事评论员失望了。可以确认外界之前猜疑全部失效,张升民、张又侠两位大员位置非常平稳。”</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">第2件大事是定性为整肃,他说:“<a class="keyword" href="https://www.aboluowang.com/tag/%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%86%9B-1.html" style="color: #2e317c;">火箭军</a>和总装备部,遭到整肃属实,清理了一批军官。此次内部纷争,并不是传统意义的<a class="keyword" href="https://www.aboluowang.com/tag/%E5%85%B5%E5%8F%98-1.html" style="color: #2e317c;">兵变</a>或叛乱。准确说法叫整肃或清理不可靠的人,为有效实施下一步的军事计划。”</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">第3件大事是定性<a class="keyword" href="https://www.aboluowang.com/tag/%E6%9B%BE%E5%BA%86%E7%BA%A2-1.html" style="color: #2e317c;">曾庆红</a>等元老逼宫习近平的报道。他说:“日本媒体释放习近平被曾庆红等元老逼宫,这是完全假消息,是不专业记者的专业胡扯。日媒演绎版本的习下李上。</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">第4件大事是披露习近平团队的目的。他说:“习近平的军师们,故意对外释放和制造军事动乱假象。本推严谨而慎重的文字消息,被多国正规媒体匿名盗取后,夸张“<a class="keyword" href="https://www.aboluowang.com/tag/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC-1.html" style="color: #2e317c;">北京</a>十个知情人士”,放大制造虚幻效应,宣扬习近平位置不稳。</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">他强调,“这是障眼法,模糊全球视线,影响关注度、转移注意力。误导美日等国军事专家,做出错误判决,影响战略部署。习近平位置目前非常稳定,这是之前全部媒体和公众猜疑的意料之外。”</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">第5件大事是警告大劫难。他说:“习近平在酝酿实施一个庞大的、邪恶的,怪招计划。目前还无法了解,这个怪招的具体内容。这个怪招计划,将有<a class="keyword" href="https://www.aboluowang.com/tag/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF-1.html" style="color: #2e317c;">俄罗斯</a><a class="keyword" href="https://www.aboluowang.com/tag/%E6%99%AE%E4%BA%AC-1.html" style="color: #2e317c;">普京</a>一起参与。”</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">台湾中央社25日引述香港江系<a class="keyword" href="https://www.aboluowang.com/tag/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%96%E5%AE%A3-1.html" style="color: #2e317c;">大外宣</a>英文<a class="keyword" href="https://www.aboluowang.com/tag/%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%8E%E6%97%A9%E6%8A%A5-1.html" style="color: #2e317c;">南华早报</a>报道,<a class="keyword" href="https://www.aboluowang.com/tag/%E6%AD%A6%E6%B1%89%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92-1.html" style="color: #2e317c;">武汉病毒</a>研究所专家石正丽在7月发表的论文中警告,未来极有可能出现另一种冠状病毒,全球必须针对类似武汉的大流行病做好准备。</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;"><a class="keyword" href="https://www.aboluowang.com/tag/%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E4%BA%BA-1.html" style="color: #2e317c;">新唐人</a>电视23日报道,石正丽研发出更危险毒株小鼠致死率高达90%。</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">不少网友对赵兰健的独家爆料猜测,是否是中共又要全球放毒。对网友的各种提问,有个很有代表性的回复就是:“我不是自己猜疑判断,也不是军事分析。只对给我信息的渠道朋友负责。习近平全部的努力,只为了这个大怪招。”</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">阿波罗网评论员王笃然表示,日本媒体的报道,我第一时间就做出分析质疑。阿波罗网上一个视频内容有《内部消息:中共军方将领因“反习”被捕》,请点击视频右上角的链接观看我们之前的分析。这是赵兰健在新唐人电视台《菁英论坛》节目中,援引国内内部消息披露的,这和此次爆料所说的,习近平整肃“全部的努力,只为了这个大怪招。”好像有矛盾,不知道是否2次爆料是不同消息来源?还是这次是同一消息来源进一步深入了解到的情况,还是有什么其它情况?</p><div class="twitter-tweet twitter-tweet-rendered" style="display: flex; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; max-width: 550px; width: 550px;"><iframe allowfullscreen="true" allowtransparency="true" class="" data-tweet-id="1706469952402694478" frameborder="0" id="twitter-widget-0" scrolling="no" src="https://platform.twitter.com/embed/Tweet.html?dnt=false&embedId=twitter-widget-0&features=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%3D%3D&frame=false&hideCard=false&hideThread=false&id=1706469952402694478&lang=zh-cn&origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aboluowang.com%2F2023%2F0927%2F1958826.html&sessionId=e9b196721f87a502ead8a867503bcb32409e211d&siteScreenName=aboluowang&theme=light&widgetsVersion=aaf4084522e3a%3A1674595607486&width=550px" style="display: block; flex-grow: 1; height: 848px; position: static; visibility: visible; width: 550px;" title="Twitter Tweet"></iframe></div><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" height="358px" src="https://m1.aboluowang.com/uploadfile/2023/0927/20230927042207347.jpg" style="border: none; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="650px" /></p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #7f7f7f; font-size: 14px;">公民调查记者、前媒体人赵兰健 (资料照片)</span></p></article><p id="editor" style="background-color: white; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Noto Sans CJK", "Noto Sans TC", "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimHei, 黑體, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">责任编辑:<b> <a href="https://www.aboluowang.com/editor/zhongkang_1.html" style="color: #444444; text-decoration-line: none;">zhongkang </a></b> 来源:<a href="https://www.aboluowang.com/editor/zhongkang_1.html" style="color: #444444; text-decoration-line: none;">阿波罗网</a>王笃若报道</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-355387667287819559.post-42783002894081056032023-09-17T05:09:00.001+08:002023-09-17T05:09:28.608+08:00美智库发表中国火箭军研究报告 部署方位梳理详尽<p> <span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">2022.10.26 16:44 ET</span></p><div class="clear" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></div><div id="headerimg" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: left; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 36px; margin-right: 36px; width: 1px;"><img alt="美智库发表中国火箭军研究报告 部署方位梳理详尽" height="413" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/junshiwaijiao/wy-10262022095656.html/@@images/9918267e-15ff-4ef2-be23-4aaa4911be17.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" title="美智库发表中国火箭军研究报告 部署方位梳理详尽" width="620" /><span class="lead_image_caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: block; font-family: "Merriweather Sans", sans-serif; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 12px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; width: 620px;">2022年10月25日,重新开放的军事博物馆举办现代中国军队展览。图为"听党指挥"口号与大屏幕习近平形象及参观者。</span><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 620px;"><a data-caption="2022年10月25日,重新开放的军事博物馆举办现代中国军队展览。图为"听党指挥"口号与大屏幕习近平形象及参观者。" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/junshiwaijiao/wy-10262022095656.html/@@images/image" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;" title="2022年10月25日,重新开放的军事博物馆举办现代中国军队展览。图为"听党指挥"口号与大屏幕习近平形象及参观者。"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" /> </a><span class="copyright" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;">美联社图片</span></div></div><div class="shadowbox storyaudio" style="background-color: white; box-shadow: rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.3) -1px 0px 5px, rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.3) 1px 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 10px; max-width: 622px; padding: 10px 15px; width: calc(100% - 15px);"><div class="audiolinks" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #627568; margin: 0px;"><div class="story_audioes" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="audiojs loading" classname="audiojs" id="audiojs_wrapper0" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; font-family: monospace; font-size: 12px; height: 36px; width: calc(100% - 92px);"><div class="play-pause" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: 25px; margin: 0px; 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padding: 0px 2px 0px 0px;">00:00</span>/<span class="duration" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2px;">00:00</span></div></div></div><span class="audiolinkicons" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: right; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/junshiwaijiao/wy-10262022095656.html/@@stream" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="收听节目" src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-listen.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin-right: 8px; margin-top: 4px; vertical-align: middle; width: 27px;" title="收听节目" /> </a><a href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/junshiwaijiao/wy-10262022095656.html/@@download/audio_file" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="下载声音" src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-download.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin-right: 8px; margin-top: 4px; vertical-align: middle; width: 27px;" title="下载声音" /></a></span></div></div><div id="storytext" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.05em; line-height: 24px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><br /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><br /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><br /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><br /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">美国空军大学“中国航空航天研究所” (China Aerospace Studies Institute )周一(10月24日)公布了一份中国人民解放军火箭军组织结构的<a href="https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/CASI/documents/Research/PLARF/2022-10-24%20PLARF%20Organization.pdf" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad; font-family: "Noto Serif", serif;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">报告</strong></a>,详细梳理了火箭军的内部人事结构及在全国的部署情况。这份报告在此时出台有何意义?对解读习近平在中共二十大上所作报告的军事部分是否有所借鉴?</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="discreet" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #777777;"><span class="searchresultdate" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: none;"></span></span></p><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/jiaodianzhuizong/20/" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad; font-family: "Noto Serif", serif;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">中共二十大专页</strong></a></span></li></ul><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="discreet" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #777777;"><span class="searchresultdate" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: none;"></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中国航空航天研究所这份长达255页的报告,对中国人民解放军火箭军的组织结构从高层的指挥系统到后勤的产品基地进行了详尽的披露,具体信息包括基地地址、部队主要功能、负责人的中英文姓名和部队番号等等。报告中以树状图显示了火箭军各个部门主要负责人的照片、姓名和他们彼此的关系。报告还在中国地图上标注出火箭军在全国各地的部署情况。报告开头甚至还特别说明了如何解读部队的番号。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="discreet" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #777777;"><span class="searchresultdate" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: none;"></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; height: auto; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; width: 620px;"><img alt="美国空军大学报告的封面。报告内详细列出中国火箭军的详细资料。(网络截图)" height="386" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/junshiwaijiao/wy-10262022095656.html/eab2e497-35e1-4789-940b-1851598382fd.png/@@images/bc3b211d-960d-493c-ad1d-78acde7389a9.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="eab2e497-35e1-4789-940b-1851598382fd.png" width="620" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: "Merriweather Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">美国空军大学报告的封面。报告内详细列出中国火箭军的详细资料。(网络截图)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;">报告最重要的信息</b></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">报告作者、中国航空航天研究所所长马伟宁(Brendan S. Mulvaney)告诉本台,这确实是目前为止公开发表的最具综合性的有关火箭军组织结构的报告,“这个报告全部基于公开信息,它对中国人民解放军火箭军在中央军委主席习近平领导下的扩张给出了非常具体的信息。”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">他强调,报告反映的最重要的信息就是2016年原先的二炮部队升级为中国人民解放军火箭军,以及导弹部队的扩张和这支部队掌管的导弹数量、质量及类型的增长。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">报告提到,火箭军从1960年代开始研究远程导弹,在80年代开创性地开发了东风21型中程弹道导弹,到近年又拥有了能力更强的东风26型红外弹道导弹和东风17型高超音速滑翔车。火箭军的部队也逐年扩充,1980年至2000年期间,中共二炮新成立了四个旅,到近年又经历了前所未有的扩张,2017年到2019年底,在短短三年內从29个旅增加到39个旅。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对于美国方面这么重视研究中国火箭军及其拥有的导弹力量,身在台湾的中国军事问题专家亓乐义向本台分析说,“弹道导弹的突防能力是最强的,对美军来说,相对的防御难点最高,所以美军很重视这一块。”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">近年来,中国导弹技术发展迅速,引起国际社会的广泛关注。2021年8月,国际媒体广泛报道,中国试射了一枚可携带核弹头的高超音速导弹,该导弹绕地球飞行后,重新进入大气层,最后仅错开目标30公里。英国《金融时报》当时报道说,这则消息让美国情报部门大吃一惊,他们不知道中国是如何做到这一点的。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">但这枚试射的高超音速导弹没有命中目标似乎也显示出中国在这方面技术还有待提高。亓乐义说,现在中国在高超音速导弹方面是应用领先,但并不代表中国在技术上领先,“技术方面美国是领先的,只是中国在技术上过了一个最低的门槛,就让装备先出来了,就是先有。中国装备发展有一个大的特点,就是先求有,再求精。”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">他补充说,美国的军事装备所求的是先进性,就是出来的时候就比其他国家有一个代差。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">美国军方在今年7月宣布,成功进行了两款高超音速导弹系统的试验;很快,两家国防承包商雷神公司(Raytheon Technologies)和诺斯洛普∙格鲁曼公司(Northrop Grumman)对外表示,两家公司合作研发的“高超音速吸气式概念武器”(HAWC)成功完成了第二次飞行试验。而美国国防部也在当月宣称,将拨款13亿美元用于研发能更好追踪高超音速导弹的卫星。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="discreet" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #777777;"><span class="searchresultdate" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: none;"></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><figure class="image-richtext image-inline captioned" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: table; float: none; height: auto; margin: 10px 15px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; width: 1280px;"><img alt="2021年9月29日,珠海航展中中国航天科技集团公司所展示的太空火箭。(美联社)" height="853" src="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/junshiwaijiao/wy-10262022095656.html/ap22021469260313.jpg/@@images/572658c8-bbc5-407a-865e-c05bc8f2748f.jpeg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" title="AP22021469260313.jpg" width="1280" /><figcaption class="image-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; font-family: "Merriweather Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 17px; margin: 7px 0.5em 0.7em 0.1em; max-width: 620px;">2021年9月29日,珠海航展中中国航天科技集团公司所展示的太空火箭。(美联社)</figcaption><small style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10px;"></small><div id="zoomattribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px; position: relative; text-align: right; top: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 620px;"><a data-caption="2021年9月29日,珠海航展中中国航天科技集团公司所展示的太空火箭。(美联社)" data-fancybox="" href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/junshiwaijiao/wy-10262022095656.html/ap22021469260313.jpg" id="single_image" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0645ad; font-family: "Noto Serif", serif;" title="2021年9月29日,珠海航展中中国航天科技集团公司所展示的太空火箭。(美联社)"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/++plone++rfa-resources/img/icon-zoom.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 620px; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></div></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;">报告的意义</b></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这份关于中国火箭军的报告在中共二十大刚刚结束的时候出台,让人联想其可能的实际用途。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">亓乐义说,这份报告主要是美国对中国火箭军的静态把握,实战的情况则是动态的,“至于实际战场的运用,那是另外一种,那是动态的及时情报,我们看不到,并且是机密性质的。”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">他补充说,虽然基地是固定的,但在具体的战术打击过程中,每一个旅下面的发射阵地是不断变化的;导弹的发射阵地通常有好几个,发射一次后,就要移动到另外一个阵地去。这部分的规律也都是机密。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">值得注意的是,中国军方对火箭军及其导弹力量的重视体现在其战略认知和规划中。中国国防部网站今年9月发表了一篇题为《关于创新发展军事战略指导》的文章,其中提到,现代战争强调运用精锐力量实施精确作战,在防区外对全纵深目标进行中远程精确打击。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">亓乐义认为,中国军队现在非常强调这种防区外的中远程精确打击,导弹的部署体现出了这一重点,“这个中远程精准打击就是包括现在的中程弹道飞弹,有东风21系列,东风26,以及东风17,这是最主要的,就是能震慑周边,包括震慑到美国的第二岛链。”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在刚刚闭幕的中共二十大上,习近平在所作的报告中提出,要如期实现建军一百年奋斗目标,加快把人民军队建成世界一流军队。其中虽未直接涉及中国火箭军的具体内容,但强调了坚持机械化、信息化、智能化融合发展。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">亓乐义分析说,这些说法都体现出以习近平为首的中共领导层对未来战争性质的判断,也是其对未来战争准备的基点。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="discreet" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #777777;"><span class="searchresultdate" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: none;"></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.2px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">(记者:王允 责编:梒青 网编:洪伟)</span></p></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-355387667287819559.post-34465662782389086882023-09-17T04:47:00.001+08:002023-09-17T04:47:18.190+08:00新世纪 NewCenturyNet: 王学泰:为何我们的政治、社会仍在“前清那个旧躯壳”里?<a href="https://2newcenturynet.blogspot.com/2023/09/blog-post_10.html?spref=bl">新世纪 NewCenturyNet: 王学泰:为何我们的政治、社会仍在“前清那个旧躯壳”里?</a>: 随读录 2023-09-08 01:25 Posted on 北京 社会进步,在政治上主要体现在争取扩大民众权利与限制剥夺专制统治者的权力上。民众的所有的权利中选举权是第一位的,因为它是权力来源的重要方式。现代选举制度中的核心精神是自由、平等和普遍…… 王学泰(1942...Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-355387667287819559.post-78779458231396211792023-09-13T06:58:00.003+08:002023-09-13T06:58:16.194+08:00黑格尔——中国的文明还处在人类文明的幼年期<p> <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify;">中国没有哲学,中国甚至没有历史,中国的文明还处在人类文明的幼年期。</span></p><p id="19M453RJ" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">这是德国著名哲学家黑格尔对他那个时代他所见证的中国的评价。<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453RK" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">黑格尔在《历史哲学》中评价中国说,<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453RL" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">造成中国的落后的原因,是中国人内在精神的黑暗,中国是一片还没有被人类精神之光照亮的土地,在那里,理性与自由的太阳还没有升起,人还没有摆脱原始的、自然的愚昧状态。<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453RM" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">中国人没有独立人格,对内顺从宗族长者,对外在官府面前逆来顺受。中国的历史从本质上看是没有历史的,它只是君主覆灭的一再重复而已。<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453RN" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">古代中国就像一个牢笼,以封死自己几乎所有出口为代价,带来了对资源的高度调动效率,一代又一代人反复走在同一条不断循环,被锁死的中国历史封闭循环中,在很长一段时间里都不在滚动,直到某种外力的出现。<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p class="f_center" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #666666; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"><img src="https://nimg.ws.126.net/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2022%2F1027%2F458136b0j00rkejj3000dd000ai008qp.jpg&thumbnail=660x2147483647&quality=80&type=jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%;" /><br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453RP" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">作为现代的中国人,听到这种“近乎于侮辱”的言论,一般是很难接受的。但是如果我们面对批评只是本能地用情绪化的方式去宣泄,那我们就真的像他描述的那样不堪了,特别是这样的评价并非是出自愚蠢的人。所以我们绝不能像泼妇一样去骂街,我们一定要知道他为什么这样说。<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453RQ" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">首先,黑格尔所处的时代是18世纪末到19世纪初,此时的欧洲先后经历了文艺复兴和启蒙运动,工业革命也正在如火如荼地进行着,西方文明即将迎来自己的高光时刻。而同时代的清王朝却仍然沉醉在天朝上国的美梦中,文化上几乎跳不出古板的圣贤之道,经济上则完全倚重于农业,所以先进的工业文明对农业文明的碾压,是黑格尔做出这些评价的时代背景。<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453RR" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">当然,黑格尔作为一个伟大的哲学家,他对中国的评价不可能只是寥寥数语的污蔑和诋毁。在他的描述中,中国是一片还没有被人类精神之光照亮的地方,在那里,理性与自由的太阳还没有升起,作为个体的人还处在最原始的愚昧状态。中国人没有独立的人格,在宗族长者面前一味地顺从,在官府衙门面前更是逆来顺受。中国的历史只是王朝覆灭的不断重复,所以从本质上来讲,中国没有真正的历史。<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p class="f_center" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #666666; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"><img src="https://nimg.ws.126.net/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2022%2F1027%2F9a3c9644j00rkejj50006d0006g006mp.jpg&thumbnail=660x2147483647&quality=80&type=jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%;" /><br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453RT" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">黑格尔的这些评价出自他的代表作历史哲学一书。在他的眼中,历史是需要进步的,而当时的中国则完全是一种落后愚昧的状态。<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453RU" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">虽然黑格尔的学说后来遭到了一些人的批判,但我们作为新时代的中国人,绝不能忘记闭关锁国,盲目自大的历史教训。对于一些批评和不同的声音,我们不能再有鸵鸟心态,而是要秉持理性,对其有所甄别,只有这样,我们才能更好地认识和发展自己。<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p class="f_center" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #666666; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"><img src="https://nimg.ws.126.net/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2022%2F1027%2Fbeeb8b70j00rkejj6000nd000c80095p.jpg&thumbnail=660x2147483647&quality=80&type=jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%;" /><br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453S0" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">黑格尔的名言<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453S1" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">1、一个民族有一群仰望星空的人,他们才有希望。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453S2" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">2、我们从历史中学到的教训就是,没从历史中学到教训。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453S3" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">3、一个志在有大成就的人,他必须如歌德所说,知道限制自己。反之,什么事都想做的人,其实什么事都不能做,而终归于失败。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453S4" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">4、人类从历史学到的唯一的。教训,就是人类没有从历史中吸取任何教训。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453S5" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">5、纪律是自由的第一条件。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453S6" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">6、有嫉妒心的人,自己不能完成伟大的事业,乃尽量去低估他人的伟大,贬抑他人的伟大使之与他人相齐。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453S7" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">7、人们往往把任性也叫做自由,但是任性只是非理性的自由,人性的选择和自决都不是出于意志的理性,而是出于偶然的动机以及这种动机对感性外在世界的依赖。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453S8" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">8、个性像白纸,一经污染,便永不能再如以前的洁白。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453S9" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">9、人应尊敬他自己,并应自视能配得上最高尚的东西。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453SA" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">10、凡是现实(存在)的就是合理的,凡是合理(存在)的就是现实的。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453SB" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">11、无知者是最不自由的,因为他要面对的是一个完全黑暗的世界。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453SC" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">12、什么是悲剧?悲剧就是善的冲突。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453SD" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">13、一个拥有真正美的心灵总是有所作为的,并且是一个实实在在的人。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453SE" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">14、我们可以断言,没有激情,任何伟大的事业都不能完成。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453SF" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">15、只有那些永远躺在坑里从不仰望高空的人,才不会掉进坑里。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453SG" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">16、最大的天才尽管朝朝暮暮躺在青草地上,让微风吹来,眼望着天空,温柔的灵感也始终不光顾他。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453SH" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">17、美具有引人向善的作用和力量。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453SI" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">18、世上大概有两种人,“一种人毕生致力于拥有,另一种人毕生致力于有所作为。”一心渴望拥有,一旦没有达到目的,就会失落、痛苦和绝望。心无旁鹜,专心于事业的追求,就会忘掉许多烦恼,找到许多努力过程中的快乐。默默耕耘的人其实是最智慧的人。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453SJ" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">19、理想的人物不仅要在物质需要的满足上,还要在精神旨趣的满足上得到表现。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453SK" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">20、时代的艰苦使人对于日常生活中平凡的琐屑兴趣予以太大的重视,现实上很多的利益和为了这些利益而作的斗争,曾经过多地占据了精神上一切的能力和力量以及外在的手段,因而使得人们没有自由的心情去理会那较高的内心生活和较纯洁的精神活动,以致许多较优秀的人才都为这种艰苦环境所束缚,并且部分地被牺牲在里面。因为世界精神太忙碌于现实,所以它不能转向内心,回复到自身。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453SL" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">21、审美的感官需要文化修养……借助修养才能了解美,发现美。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453SM" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">22、存在就是合理Onlyinthestatedoesmanhavearationalexistence.——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453SN" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">23、每个人都是一个整体,本身就是世界,每个人都是一个完满的有生气的人,而不是某种孤立的性格特征的寓言式的抽象品——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453SO" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">24、一个人如果把从别人那里学来的东西算作自己的发现,这也很接近于虚骄。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453SP" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">25、对现实的抽象就是对现实的毁灭。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453SQ" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">26、爱情确实有一种高尚的品质,因为它不只停留在性欲上,而且显出一种本身丰富的高尚优秀的心灵,要求以生动活泼,勇敢和牺牲的精神和另一个人达到统一。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453SR" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">27、人类从历史里学到一个教训,那就是没有学到任何教训。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453SS" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">28、凡是合理的都是存在的,凡是存在的都是合理的。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453ST" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">29、只有经过长时间完成其发展的艰苦工作,并长期埋头沉没于其中的任务,方可有所成就。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453SU" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">30、精神的生命不是表现为害怕死亡,与荒芜保持绝对的距离,而是表现为承受死亡,并在死亡中保存自身。只有当精神在一种相当绝对的支离破碎状态下重新找到自己,他才赢得它的真理。精神作为这样一种肯定的事物,并没有逃避否定的事物……同样,当虚假成为真理的一个环节,它也不再是一个虚假的东西。——格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔《精神现象学》<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453SV" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">31、个性像白纸,一经污染,便永不能再如以前洁白。——黑格尔《美学演讲录》<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453T0" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">32、有嫉妒心的人,自己不能完成伟大事业,便尽量去低估他人的伟大,贬抑他人的伟大性使之与他本人相齐。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453T1" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">33、谁中途动摇信心,谁就是意志薄弱——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453T2" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">34、智慧之鸟的猫头鹰,在文明的暮色中才开始起飞。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453T3" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">35、精神上的道德力量发挥了它的潜能,举起了它的旗帜,于是我们的爱国热情和正义感在现实中均得施展其威力和作用。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453T4" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">36、有一些宝贵的东西作为它的目标时,生活才有价值。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453T5" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">37、只有一个人能理解我,但他也不能完全理解。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453T6" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">38、一句哲理在年轻人嘴里说出和在老年人嘴里说出是不一样的。年轻人说的只是这句哲理本身,尽管他可能理解得完全正确。而老年人不只是说了这句哲理,其中还包含了他的全部生活!——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453T7" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">39、如果你生活是一种无法抗拒的、无法改变的痛苦里,那么这种痛苦将是你的幸福!给自己一个希望和勇气,大喊没有什么大不了的!慷慨的说句“大不了就是一死”!——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453T8" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">40、那隐藏着的宇宙本质自身并没有力量足以抗拒求知的勇气。对于勇毅的求知者,它只能揭开它的秘密,将它的财富和奥妙公开给他,让他享受。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453T9" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">41、他是他自己本身的目的他自身中有一种无限的价值、一种永恒的使命——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453TA" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">42、我看见拿破仑,这个世界精神,在巡视全城。当我看见这样一个伟大人物时,真令我发生一种奇异的感觉。他骑在马背上,他在这里,集中在这一点上他要达到全世界、统治全世界。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453TB" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">43、真理是在漫长的发展着的认识过程中被掌握的,在这一过程中,每一步都是它前一步的直接继续。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453TC" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">44、婚姻实质上是伦理关系。婚姻是具有法定意义的伦理性的爱。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453TD" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">45、我首先要求诸君信任科学,相信理性,信任自己,并相信自己。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453TE" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">46、理想的人物不仅要在物质需要的满足上,还要在精神情趣的满足上得到表现。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453TF" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">47、法律决非一成不变的,相反地,正如天空和海面因风浪而起变化一样,法律也因情况和时运而变化。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453TG" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">48、运伟大之思者,必行伟大之迷途。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453TH" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">49、真理诚然是一个崇高的字眼,然而更是一桩崇高的业绩。如果人的心灵与情感依然健康,则其心潮必将为之激荡不已。——黑格尔<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></p><p id="19M453TI" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 34px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">50、青春是生命中最美好的一段时间。——黑格尔</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-355387667287819559.post-75825072051952775092023-09-13T06:55:00.000+08:002023-09-13T06:55:04.683+08:00黑格尔认为:中国从本质上说是没有历史的<p> </p><div class="rich_media_content " id="js_content" style="background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; hyphens: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify; z-index: 0;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><amp-img class="i-amphtml-element i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined i-amphtml-built i-amphtml-layout" height="374" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic" layout="intrinsic" src="?asset=0ffd944934993235ff92d0b20b12b140" style="--loader-delay-offset: 600ms !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden !important; padding: 0px; position: relative;" width="600"><i-amphtml-sizer class="i-amphtml-sizer" slot="i-amphtml-svc" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block !important; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,<svg height="374px" width="600px" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1"/>" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block !important; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; object-fit: contain; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></i-amphtml-sizer><img class="i-amphtml-fill-content i-amphtml-replaced-content" decoding="async" src="https://freewechat.com/a/MzUyNjkzMjg0Mw==/2247484853/1?asset=0ffd944934993235ff92d0b20b12b140" style="border: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: auto; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: contain; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute; width: 0px;" /></amp-img></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 5px 8px 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">很多人不知道,大哲学家黑格尔对中国历史及中国文化的看法,是相当负面的。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">当然,格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔(1770年8月27日—1831年11月14日),是19世纪的德国哲学家,所以他笔下的中国和中国人,是鸦片战争前的中国和中国人;而今天的中国已经很厉害了,今天的中国人据说早已站起来了。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">但这并不是说,黑格尔对中国以及中国历史的评价,对今天的中国人来说就毫无借鉴意义。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">所以,这篇文章还是值得一读的。不要一见这个标题就气不打一处来。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">黑格尔认为,人类文化的发展是分阶段的。中亚文化代表了人类文化的少年时期,人类文明在那里发源。希腊文化则是青年,表现出生机勃勃的活力。罗马文化是壮年。而日耳曼文化是成熟理性的老年。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px 10px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">那么中国文化呢?黑格尔说,中国文化是幼年。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><amp-img class="i-amphtml-element i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined i-amphtml-built i-amphtml-layout" height="405" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic" layout="intrinsic" src="?asset=f9b98c8f085968ecaef65b94399ca44d" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden !important; padding: 0px; position: relative;" width="720"><i-amphtml-sizer class="i-amphtml-sizer" slot="i-amphtml-svc" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block !important; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,<svg height="405px" width="720px" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1"/>" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block !important; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; object-fit: contain; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></i-amphtml-sizer><img class="i-amphtml-fill-content i-amphtml-replaced-content" decoding="async" src="https://freewechat.com/a/MzUyNjkzMjg0Mw==/2247484853/1?asset=f9b98c8f085968ecaef65b94399ca44d" style="border: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: auto; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: contain; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute; width: 0px;" /></amp-img></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 5px 8px 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #797baa; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">在欧洲人眼中,中国龙却是很狰狞的</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">黑格尔对中国文化的看法,主要集中在他的《历史哲学》和《哲学史讲演录》两书中,采用的当然是“欧洲文化中心论”观察方式。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">黑格尔用世界精神、两个太阳、幼年文化、空间国家和史前哲学等范畴指出,中国所在的东方是世界历史的开端;与此相应,中国精神是“绝对精神”自我认识的直接阶段,缺乏主体和客体的分离,缺乏内在性和主观性。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">黑格尔认为,中国历史从本质上看是没有历史的,它只是君主覆灭的一再重复而已。任何进步都不可能从中产生。几千年的中国,其实是一个大赌场,恶棍们轮流坐庄,混蛋们换班执政,炮灰们总是做祭品,而它的任何一次革命都没有让这个国家真正获得进步。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">黑格尔在他的著作中这样评论中国文化:</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">孔子的教训在莱布尼兹的时代曾轰动一时。但实际上,在孔子那里,思辨的哲学是一点也没有的,只有一些善良的、老练的、道德的教训,从里面我们不能获得什么特殊的东西。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">孔子所讲的只是道德常识,这种常识道德我们在哪里都找得到,在哪一个民族都找得到,可能还要好些。儒家经典《论语》也没有多大价值。从内容上看,孔子要求臣对君、子对父以及兄弟之间尽义务,但这种义务并非出自人们自由的内心情感。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">从表达形式上看,《论语》充满警句箴言,反复申述,毫无出色之点。“为了保持孔子的名声,假使他的书从来不曾有过翻译,那倒是更好的事。”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">黑格尔还说,“孔子的哲学就是国家哲学”,中国的道德学说是为砖制的政治服务的。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">说到造成中国落后的原因,黑格尔认为是中国人内在精神的黑暗。中国是一片还没有被人类精神之光照亮的土地,在那里,理性与自由的太阳还没有升起,人还没有摆脱原始的、自然的愚昧状态。“凡是属于精神的东西……都离它很远”。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">在《历史哲学》中黑格尔这样给中国下结论:这是一个彻底的、奇特的、最具东方性的东方国家。中国人把自己看作是属于他们家庭的,而同时又是国家的儿女。在家庭之内,他们没有人格;在国家之内,他们同样缺少独立人格,因为皇帝犹如严父。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">来看看黑格尔关于中国的一系列“名言警句”。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">“在中国,皇帝就是家长。法律与道德不分,唯一意志就是皇帝意志。”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">“历史从中国谈起,可中国停留在世界历史之外。”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">“中国政府完全建立在家庭的伦理关系上。皇帝像父亲一样,掌管一切。百姓像儿子尽孝道。一切都得服从。在中国,家庭的义务具有绝对的约束力。各种义务都是由下而上,却没有从上往下的。”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">“在这种家长制的国家里,臣民都是些未成年的孩子。中国属于幼年文化,人的精神无法独立,更谈不上自由,他们像孩子那样一味服从,依赖父母。而皇帝是他们的绝对家长。”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">“中国人没有荣誉感。残酷的体罚,随时随地发生。父亲对儿子,皇帝对大臣,官吏对百姓,上级对下级。”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">“中国人没有荣誉感,自卑。所以导致道德败坏,欺诈成风。”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">“真正的信仰自由,在个体本身完全不依赖外在动力的地方才有存在的可能。在中国,个体没有这种独立性特征。中国只有迷信,没有真正意义上的宗教。”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">“中国所有的科学与技术都是原始的落后的。”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">“孔子的著作里,虽然可以找到正确的道德格言,但是其中不乏兜圈子、反思和回旋。”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;" /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px 8px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: break-spaces;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">“他们自称比欧洲人先发明了火药,可是耶稣会教徒不得不给他们浇铸第一批火炮。</span></p></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-355387667287819559.post-34810201353005202062023-08-16T16:21:00.002+08:002023-08-16T16:21:25.354+08:00朱家安导读:读《暴民法》的三种方法<p> </p><div id="feature_img_wrapper" style="background-color: whitesmoke; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: "Noto Sans TC", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.7px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><p id="feature_img_desc" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.3; margin: 10px 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">在布伦南的“道德平等论”底下,政府代理人不具特殊豁免权,应该在道德上和一般人受同样对待。这个结论值得注意,因为若布伦南是对的,眼见手足被港警殴打溅血的香港人,为了阻止国家暴力,在道德上甚至是允许杀死警察的。(资料照,AP)<span style="background-color: transparent; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.7px; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;">GliaStudio</span></p></div><div id="article_inner_wrapper" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: "Noto Sans TC", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.7px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 5px 30px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><article style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><div class="article_content_inner" font="size_0" id="CMS_wrapper" itemprop="articleBody" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 700px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><p aid="61" class="first_p" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-7300752_206="5881" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-7300752_206="1" data-gtm-vis-recent-on-screen-7300752_206="5881" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-7300752_206="100" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">哲学家思考一般人不习惯思考的东西,这是为什么在日常对话里提起哲学问题相当危险。</p><div class="article_ads_p_wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 7.5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.7px;">身为哲学家,本书作者布伦南特殊之处在于,他的研究和主张,就连道地的哲学家看来,也相当危险。</span></div><div class="article_ads_p_wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 7.5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><p aid="65" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">在二○一八年引进中文版的《反民主》里,布伦南论证民主没有内在价值,只是生产公平、明智政治决策的工具。因此若选民素质低落,恐产出减损他们自身权益的决策,我们有正当理由换用其他“看起来不太民主”的工具来决定社会的未来,例如把投票权集中在少数人手上的各种“知识菁英制”。</p></div><p aid="66" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">在这本《暴民法》里,布伦南论证庶民在一些情况下不但可以反抗政府,还可以动用暴力。想像一下:你看见警察拦下车辆,叫驾驶下车趴下,接着掏出警棍殴打没有反抗能力的驾驶,你眼见驾驶已经溅血,而警察却针对头部等要害痛殴他不打算停手,附近也没有其他人,要阻止驾驶被打死或重伤,唯一的机会就是当下用物理手段阻止警察。布伦南认为,在这种情况下,你在道德上有权利使用暴力制伏警察,甚至杀死他,来阻止驾驶继续受到无谓的伤害。(当然,你有权利做某件事情,不代表你能成功办到,布伦南也提醒大家,一件事情有多道德,跟一件事情有多明智,是两回事。)</p><div class="dnd-atom-wrapper type-image context-smg_800xauto_er atom-align-center" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><div class="dnd-drop-wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><img alt="警察、暴民(图/pixabay)" height="539" src="https://image.cache.storm.mg/styles/smg-800xauto-er/s3/media/image/2020/06/05/20200605-044818_U16175_M616344_a2c6.png?itok=BNk5DaPy" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 700px; word-break: break-word;" title="警察、暴民(图/pixabay)" typeof="foaf:Image" width="800" /></div><div class="dnd-legend-wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: table-caption; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><div class="meta" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">在这本《暴民法》里,布伦南论证庶民在一些情况下不但可以反抗政府,还可以动用暴力。(示意图/pixabay)</div></div></div><p aid="67" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">布伦南的文字明确,论证完整,解说周到,几乎不预设哲学背景,再加上流畅的译笔,让这本书成为结论令人发指,但推论过程可口的作品。或许有些人光是阅读上面几段文字,都觉得布伦南妖言惑众、这本书根本应该查禁。我认为,这种人反而特别适合阅读和挑战此书。哲学的世界没有白吃的午餐,愈是惊世骇俗、违反常识和直觉的结论,愈需要坚强的论证来支持。持有完全相反立场的读者,最有动机和潜力秉持批判的眼光来阅读布伦南的论证,体会最大的思辨乐趣。</p><h2 class="subtitle2" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ff3838; font-family: inherit; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 20px 0px 10px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 40px 0px 15px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">现代政府依然滥权</h2><div class="article_ads_p_wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 7.5px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><p aid="68" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">警察等“政府代理人”滥权、暴力伤人,这在现代社会不是什么奇闻异事。在国民党专政的漫长历史里,军警对付政治犯和异议人士,侵犯人权来巩固政权。解严之后,依然时有公务员违法调查、刑求、使用不必要的暴力的新闻,二○一四年三月“三二三占领行政院事件”里,抗争者遭员警殴打流血的照片,我至今历历在目。即使在不那么“暴力”的例子里,政府人员不照法令行事、警察在事件现场阻止记者采访,更是时有可闻。</p></div><p aid="69" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">从二○一九年三月开始,至今已经持续超过一年的香港“反送中”运动,也提醒我们国家机器的能耐。在香港民众与政府冲突最激烈的时候,网路上随处可见警察单方面殴打民众至流血的照片和影片。当然,有时候警察动用暴力,是为了应付部分动用暴力的抗争者,但这依然无法合理说明那些无端受到警察挑衅和攻击、被制伏后受殴打、被失踪、遭受性暴力甚至死亡的报导。当警察使用暴力,似乎多半情况都可以自我辩解说是执法所需,在这种情况下,人民能怎么办呢?</p><div class="dnd-atom-wrapper type-image context-smg_800x533 atom-align-center" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><div class="dnd-drop-wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><img alt="香港去年6月爆发反送中运动,虽受疫情影响,但抗争行动至今不歇。(AP)" height="533" src="https://image.cache.storm.mg/styles/smg-800x533-fp/s3/media/image/2020/05/11/20200511-120903_U11552_M610852_269e.jpg?itok=uzox3TBb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 700px; word-break: break-word;" title="香港去年6月爆发反送中运动,虽受疫情影响,但抗争行动至今不歇。(AP)" typeof="foaf:Image" width="800" /></div><div class="dnd-legend-wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: table-caption; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><div class="meta" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">香港去年爆发反送中运动,虽受疫情影响,但抗争行动至今不歇。(AP)</div></div></div><p aid="70" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">政府会滥权,这是事实,而问题则是社会该如何阻止滥权。当然,比起专制政体里的人民,民主政体里的人民通常有更多机会“和平改造”政府,而民主政府也更容易回应人民的愿望、需求和异议。</p><p aid="71" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">然而,民主政治的改变虽是长久之计,但也旷日废时。若政府滥权的事实化为挥舞的警棍或上膛的枪械摆在眼前,就算后续有立委质询、监察院调查,也无法即时阻止不幸,身为一般民众,如果我们有能力办到,道德是否允许我们动用必要的武力来阻止滥权?这是布伦南在本书要处理的问题,这个问题不但哲学,而且现实。</p><h2 class="subtitle2" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ff3838; font-family: inherit; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 20px 0px 10px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 40px 0px 15px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">反抗的权利</h2><p aid="72" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">大部分人都认为暴力不好,但很少有人会主张,人不管怎样都不可以使用暴力。如果你遇上,或目击别人遇上急迫危险,你合理判断只有暴力对待行凶者能化解危机,人们多半会认为,那么,暴力纵使不理想,却也是没办法的事。在这种情况下,大家可能不至于认为你有义务行使暴力来避免危机,但应该会认为你有权这样做。</p><p aid="73" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">然而,在上述案例里,若将行凶者换为警察,许多人的判断会改变。同样是压制并殴打手无寸铁的人,当动手的人穿着警察制服,守序善良的公民们更可能认为,即使眼见被打的人有生命危险,而暴力介入是救命的唯一手段,旁人也不该这样做。</p><p aid="74" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">布伦南用“魔法防护罩”来形容这种对比:即使在同样情况下执行同等的暴力,比起一般人,政府和政府代理人似乎有某种豁免权不受暴力反抗。布伦南不同意这种豁免权的存在,他主张不管是谁都有权动用必要的暴力来避免危机,不管促成危机的人是绑匪还是警察都一样。在布伦南的“道德平等论”底下,政府代理人不具特殊豁免权,应该在道德上和一般人受同样对待。这个结论值得注意,因为若布伦南是对的,眼见手足被港警殴打溅血的香港人,为了阻止国家暴力,在道德上甚至是允许杀死警察的。</p><div class="dnd-atom-wrapper type-image context-smg_800x533 atom-align-center" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><div class="dnd-drop-wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><img alt="2020年1月19日,香港警方与示威者在“天下制裁”集会现场爆发冲突。(AP)" height="533" src="https://image.cache.storm.mg/styles/smg-800x533-fp/s3/media/image/2020/01/19/20200119-063012_U11552_M586654_f45c.jpg?itok=ZY9NAKVk" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 700px; word-break: break-word;" title="2020年1月19日,香港警方与示威者在“天下制裁”集会现场爆发冲突。(AP)" typeof="foaf:Image" width="800" /></div><div class="dnd-legend-wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: table-caption; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><div class="meta" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">在布伦南的“道德平等论”底下,政府代理人不具特殊豁免权,应该在道德上和一般人受同样对待。这个结论值得注意,因为若布伦南是对的,眼见手足被港警殴打溅血的香港人,为了阻止国家暴力,在道德上甚至是允许杀死警察的。(资料照,AP)</div></div></div><p aid="75" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">布伦南的立论明确,举例具体,推论过程完整可见,不过就如同其他所有哲学作品,这不代表你就该接受他的想法。一边阅读,一边思量作者的说法是否合理,是享受哲学的主要方式之一。以下我介绍几种进一步“使用”这本书的方法,希望协助读者进行有趣的理解和思考。</p><h2 class="subtitle2" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ff3838; font-family: inherit; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 20px 0px 10px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 40px 0px 15px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">从《暴民法》享受推理</h2><p aid="76" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">这本书先大破后大立。为了辩护道德平等论,布伦南得先说明政府不具备“特殊权威性”,并为此和许多政治哲学理论正面交手。在书里,作者介绍了哲学史上一卡车替特殊权威性辩护的论证,说明它们的缺失,并为结局铺垫结构、调整写法,给出线索让读者更能理解论战的种种进程。</p><p aid="77" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">因此,阅读本书的一种方式,是假想自己在读一本推理小说:观察手上的证据(目前出现的问题、疑虑、对手的看法等等),并尝试推测出接下来会出现的论点。例如:你能不能在作者介绍这些假想敌论证时,就猜中作者要攻击的缺失处?能不能在作者介绍自己想法的时候,就想到哪些环节会成为弱点?这种推理的读法可以增加阅读乐趣,也能让你的阅读状态更贴近哲学。若你的推测正确,代表你的思考和布伦南的写作在同一条路上;若你的推测错误,谁知道呢,说不定你发现了一个切题的新奇论点!</p><h2 class="subtitle2" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ff3838; font-family: inherit; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 20px 0px 10px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 40px 0px 15px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">从《暴民法》学表达</h2><p aid="78" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">布伦南擅长举例,事实上,这本书的论证核心,就是建立在两组相对案例之间。随着论战推进,你可以看见作者如何举出例子来刻画和佐证自身想法、改变例子来回应不同意见、指出反例来显示对手的缺陷。并且,你也可以感受到,抽象的哲学战场,如何随着例子一一出现,逐渐浮现明确轮廓。举例是论证和说明的好方法,不但写哲学书的时候好用,在讲解、沟通的时候一样好用。</p><p aid="79" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">因此,阅读本书的另一种方式,是假想自己身为担负说明任务的教师、业务、沟通者,来注意布伦南如何发想和修改案例来推进论证、把讨论聚焦在他想要强调的差异上。</p><div class="dnd-atom-wrapper type-image context-smg_800x533 atom-align-center" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><div class="dnd-drop-wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><img alt="读书、小说,示意图。(取自pixabay)" height="533" src="https://image.cache.storm.mg/styles/smg-800x533-fp/s3/media/image/2020/05/06/20200506-103237_U17497_M609963_a658.jpg?itok=xA0mBNo-" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 700px; word-break: break-word;" title="读书、小说,示意图。(取自pixabay)" typeof="foaf:Image" width="800" /></div><div class="dnd-legend-wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: table-caption; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><div class="meta" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">阅读本书的另一种方式,是假想自己身为担负说明任务的教师、业务、沟通者,来注意布伦南如何发想和修改案例来推进论证、把讨论聚焦在他想要强调的差异上。(示意图,pixabay)</div></div></div><h2 class="subtitle2" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ff3838; font-family: inherit; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 20px 0px 10px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 40px 0px 15px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">从《暴民法》学写作</h2><p aid="80" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">《暴民法》在内容上有独创想法,在形式上易于阅读,这不但仰赖哲学功底,也仰赖写作能力。因此,阅读这本书的第三种方式,是作为写作者或论述者,去注意:</p><p aid="81" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">作者如何使用例子和对比来说明论点。特别是页三七和页八○提到的主要案例。</p><p aid="82" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">作者如何精准刻画他的想法、强调自己的立场包含什么不包含什么。例如页四五—四六对“道德问题”和“实证问题”的说明。</p><p aid="83" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">作者如何将背景知识融入叙述,让没有背景的读者也能顺利前进。例如页一一一关于“证明X”和“证明非X”差异的说明、页一四一关于理论和实践差异的说明,以及页一七五对正反主张差异的说明。</p><p aid="84" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">此外,也可以注意作者如何藉由让步来确认自己论点的攻击范围。例如页一一二关于“就算政府有某种权威性”的假设性讨论。</p><p aid="85" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">你会发现,这些技巧不但可以用于哲学文章,也同样可以用于作业、论文、工作报告、笔战和日常沟通。</p><h2 class="subtitle2" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ff3838; font-family: inherit; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 20px 0px 10px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 40px 0px 15px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">道德思量的基础</h2><p aid="86" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">最后,我想补充一个道德哲学的基本想法,希望对没背景的读者有点帮助。</p><p aid="87" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">如同阅读其他道德哲学著作,有些读者可能会有一种困惑。布伦南声称要反驳某些“一般人常见的看法”,但他的反驳模式几乎都包含:</p><p aid="88" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">举出类比案例。</p><p aid="89" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">判断一般人在这些案例当中会怎么想。</p><div class="dnd-atom-wrapper type-image context-smg_800x533 atom-align-center" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><div class="dnd-drop-wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><img alt="字典,书籍,女生,读书(取自pixabay)" height="533" src="https://image.cache.storm.mg/styles/smg-800x533-fp/s3/media/image/2020/02/11/20200211-021926_U16197_M591197_4e27.jpg?itok=JIpdFMPG" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 700px; word-break: break-word;" title="字典,书籍,女生,读书(取自pixabay)" typeof="foaf:Image" width="800" /></div><div class="dnd-legend-wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: table-caption; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><div class="meta" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">布伦南的反驳模式几乎都包含:举出类比案例。判断一般人在这些案例当中会怎么想。(示意图,pixabay)</div></div></div><p aid="90" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">例如布伦南描述虚拟角色“安”眼见蒙面男子即将射杀公园里的孩子,并主张“在上述例子里,我们会说安有权杀死这些坏人”。然而,如果作者可以“决定”一般人在这些案例当中怎么想,干脆直接“决定”一般人会支持作者的结论,省下中间的推论,不是更快吗?</p><p aid="91" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">其实,道德哲学家使用案例来建立论证,是因为除了案例,我们几乎没有其它线索了。道德哲学家并不是凭空创造道德理论,而是考察一般人对种种案例的直觉判断,尝试归纳出道德原则。这是一种“逆向工程”,类似语言学家观察一般人如何使用语言,并归纳出文法规则。因此,道德哲学家进行论证时,往往会预设“一般人在特定情况下会做出什么直觉判断”,并以此出发进行推论。当然,天下没有白吃的午餐,当哲学家预设的判断跟一般人差太远,论证就不会有说服力,因为大家会因为如此不接受前提。</p><p aid="92" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">然而,当哲学家预设的判断跟一般人相符,论证的威力就会显现出来。如同布伦南所做的,若你同意安可以为了拯救无辜的小孩而枪杀绑匪,你似乎也应该同意安可以为了拯救无辜的小孩而枪杀警察。如果你同意前者,不同意后者,那么身为一个讲理的人,你似乎有责任说明两个案例当中有什么重要差别,以致我们该做出不同判断。道德总是有争利,因为每个人对于同一个案例的直觉可能不同,但道德争议有化解的可能,因为我们至少认为,同一个人对于道德上类似的案例,理当做出类似的判断。当布伦南和其他讨论道德的哲学家使用对比案例,它们就是在使用这些规则推进讨论。理解了这些原理,相信读者更能掌握布伦南的推论,也更能察觉和思考书中某些(在我看来)对一般人来说可能比较有疑义之处,例如第五章对艾斯伦论证的批评。</p><div class="dnd-atom-wrapper type-image context-smg_800x533 atom-align-center" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><div class="dnd-drop-wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><img alt="杀人、枪、枪炮、举枪、瞄准,手枪。(图/pixabay)" height="533" src="https://image.cache.storm.mg/styles/smg-800x533-fp/s3/media/image/2020/05/08/20200508-034005_U16175_M610558_a46b.jpg?itok=zpmgf-TL" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 700px; word-break: break-word;" title="杀人、枪、枪炮、举枪、瞄准,手枪。(图/pixabay)" typeof="foaf:Image" width="800" /></div><div class="dnd-legend-wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: table-caption; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><div class="meta" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">如同布伦南所做的,若你同意安可以为了拯救无辜的小孩而枪杀绑匪,你似乎也应该同意安可以为了拯救无辜的小孩而枪杀警察。(示意图/pixabay)</div></div></div><p aid="93" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">最后,有些人可能会担忧,若许多读者被布伦南说服,认为自己在必要情况下有权暴力反抗政府,会不会提高犯罪率,造成社会动荡不稳定?在这里,布伦南的初步回应值得我们思考:是偶尔反抗政府比较危险呢?还是从头到尾都服从政府比较危险呢?毕竟民主政府做过的坏事,历史上每个国家都可信手拈来,而当初那些坏事,若有关键人物挺身(或偷偷)反抗政府,或许就不会发生。纯粹以后果论,反抗比较好还是服从比较好?这是经验问题,布伦南把论证铺在书里,把判断留给读者。</p><p aid="94" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">在《暴民法》里,布伦南用抽象的哲学说明现实的问题,并展示推论过程供人理解和批评。我希望我的说明能协助读者享受这本书的论证,思索这个社会的将来,最后也提醒大家:跟朋友吃宵夜的时候,慎选话题。</p><p aid="95" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">*作者为“简单哲学实验室”创办人,长年经营部落格“哲学哲学鸡蛋糕”,本文选自<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">杰森˙布伦南(Jason Brennan)所著<a href="https://www.books.com.tw/products/0010859809" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ff3838; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;" target="_blank">《暴民法:当国家为恶、政治失控、正义失灵,人民的反抗无罪》</a>(联经出版)导读。</span><span class="related_copy_content related_copy_text" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #a6a6a6; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">(相關報導:</span><a class="related_copy_content related_copy_link top_related" href="https://www.storm.mg/article/2695898" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 203, 130); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #a6a6a6; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">陈文茜VS.张小娴:病了老了,还是有一块摘不走青春之花的地方</a><span class="related_copy_content" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #a6a6a6; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">|</span><a class="related_copy_content related_copy_link more_related" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 203, 130); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #a6a6a6; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">更多文章</a><span class="related_copy_content related_copy_text" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #a6a6a6; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">)</span></p><div class="dnd-atom-wrapper type-image context-smg_800xauto_er atom-align-center" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: table; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><div class="dnd-drop-wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><img alt="暴民法:当国家为恶、政治失控、正义失灵,人民的反抗无罪(联经出版)" height="592" src="https://image.cache.storm.mg/styles/smg-800xauto-er/s3/media/image/2020/06/05/20200605-043837_U16175_M616340_f66d.jpg?itok=uC78piy1" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 700px; word-break: break-word;" title="暴民法:当国家为恶、政治失控、正义失灵,人民的反抗无罪(联经出版)" typeof="foaf:Image" width="800" /></div><div class="dnd-legend-wrapper" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: table-caption; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><div class="meta" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><a href="https://www.books.com.tw/products/0010859809" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ff3838; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;" target="_blank">《暴民法:当国家为恶、政治失控、正义失灵,人民的反抗无罪》</a>(联经出版)</div></div></div><p aid="96" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-7300752_205="45813" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-7300752_209="45846" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-7300752_205="1" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-7300752_209="1" data-gtm-vis-recent-on-screen-7300752_205="45813" data-gtm-vis-recent-on-screen-7300752_209="45846" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-7300752_205="100" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-7300752_209="100" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"> https://www.storm.mg/article/2730342?mode=whole</p></div></article></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-355387667287819559.post-53086856563381059042023-08-14T05:10:00.004+08:002023-08-14T05:10:57.841+08:00暴民法:當國家為惡、政治失控、正義失靈,人民的反抗無罪<p> <iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/f6so6grzc6E" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, 微軟正黑體, 微软雅黑, メイリオ, "맑은 고딕", sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" width="560"></iframe></p><div id="prodPfDiv" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, 微軟正黑體, 微软雅黑, メイリオ, "맑은 고딕", sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />我們有權反抗、使用暴力、顛覆法律。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />這,是在法律之外的另一種「法」。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />《反民主》作者又一震驚世人的煽動之作!最狂的哲學書!<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />政府怎樣對你,執法者怎樣對你,你就有理由怎麼對待他們?<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />這是一本危險的書。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />傑森•布倫南說:「政府代理人並未享有特殊豁免權,如果他們做了壞事,我們有第四種選擇:反抗他們。」且他們的「道德特權並沒有比一般人更多」。他以清晰的邏輯挑戰大眾認知,為我們辨明:在某些危急時刻,人人都能夠,也都該反抗、抵禦過度延伸的制度與國家暴力。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />人們普遍認為,政府、政府代理人和政治人物擁有某種魔法防護罩,人們有義務遵從他們頒布的規則,即便那是殘暴且不道德的。人們普遍也認為,無論原因為何,使用暴力就是有罪,即便不使用暴力反制將帶來慘重後果。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />但我們難道沒有反抗的權利嗎?<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />暴力真的就是錯的、不能作為反抗的手段嗎?<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />你以為,在自由民主的國家,人民只能以非暴力的方式反抗嗎?<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />不,傑森•布倫南告訴我們,反抗、暴力、顛覆的確可能成為最終解決方法,且在道德上絕對站得住腳。當你看到警察毆打手無寸鐵的老百姓,你可以襲擊警察;發現政治人物為私利做事,你可以砸毀其辦公室;發現政府危害國民時,所有人都有權利朝總統府扔汽油彈。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />《暴民法》告訴我們,反抗並非受禁止事項,暴力則是合理手段。任何擁有政治權力的人,就連政府自身,為惡時的罪孽也與平民無異,人人得而誅之。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />我們在何種境況下有權成為「暴民」?<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />在哪種情況下有權顛覆法律,遵循法律之外的「暴民法」?<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />反抗與否總有衡量的基準,傑森•布倫南以鋒利的哲學之刃,為我們切開人們最懼於談論、情感上迴避的危險議題。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">作者簡介:</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">傑森˙布倫南(Jason Brennan)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />專業領域為政治、哲學與經濟。著述豐富,目前已出版十本書,包括《反民主》、《投票的倫理》(The Ethics of Voting)、《為什麼不是資本主義?》(Why Not Capitalism?)和《自由意志主義》(Libertarianism),《無限制的市場、義務投票和自由主義的簡短歷史》(Market without Limits, Compulsory Voting, and a Brief History of Liberty)一書的共同作者。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">譯者簡介:</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">劉維人<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />自由譯者,希望從譯作出發參與公眾討論,回應當代需要的議題。譯有《世界上最完美的物件》、《被誤讀的哲學家》、《反民主》、《暴政》等。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />審訂者簡介<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />楊理然<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />加拿大亞伯達大學哲學博士,交大兼任助理教授。學術專長為倫理學、政治哲學與美學。偶爾會在《沃草烙哲學》發表文章。信箱:li.ran.yang.tw@gmail.com<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></div><a name="pr1" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, 微軟正黑體, 微软雅黑, メイリオ, "맑은 고딕", sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></a><div class="prodContent" id="mediaRmDiv" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, 微軟正黑體, 微软雅黑, メイリオ, "맑은 고딕", sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><div style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; height: 25px; margin: 0px auto;"></div><div style="border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; height: 1px; margin: 0px auto;"></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; padding: 25px 0px 10px;">各界推薦</div><div class="content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">名人推薦:專文導讀<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />朱家安(哲學哲學雞蛋糕腦闆)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />葉浩(政治大學政治系副教授)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />(依姓氏筆畫排序)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />各界推薦<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Super Y超級歪(YouTuber)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Zen大(時事評論員)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />巴毛律師<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />朱家安(哲學哲學雞蛋糕腦闆)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />呂秋遠(律師)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />高宏銘 (律師、法操司想傳媒創辦人)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />陳方隅(菜市場政治學共同編輯)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />陳信聰(公視有話好說製作人兼主持人)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />黃益中(公民教師、《思辨》作者)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />葉浩(政治大學政治系副教授)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />楊貴智(法律白話文運動站長、律師)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />蔡慶樺(作家)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />(依姓氏筆畫排序)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></div><div class="moreBtn" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding: 2px 0px; text-align: center; width: 88px;" viewall="0">顯示全部內容</div></div></div><a name="pr2" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, 微軟正黑體, 微软雅黑, メイリオ, "맑은 고딕", sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></a><div class="prodContent" id="viewDataDiv" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, 微軟正黑體, 微软雅黑, メイリオ, "맑은 고딕", sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><div style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; height: 25px; margin: 0px auto;"></div><div style="border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; height: 1px; margin: 0px auto;"></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; padding: 25px 0px 10px;">章節試閱</div><div class="content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">某一天,你看見警察攔下了一名開著銀色現代汽車的黑人男子(就叫他理查吧)。警察對理查說,你的車在路口的紅綠燈停下來右轉之前,稍微越過了白線(但理查明明有打方向燈)。警察叫理查走出來,於是他默默地照做。但就在理查走下車的時候,其中一位警察翻過他的身體、扣住雙手,將理查整個人重重按在車上,然後又把他翻回正面,開始打他的臉、踢他的下體。理查一邊尖叫,一邊舉起手臂保護自己。此時另一個警察卻跑了過來,一起把理查壓在地上繼續拳打腳踢,還抓他的臉去撞地面。理查再次想舉起手臂保護自己的臉,警察卻大喊:「不要反抗!」於是理查不再反抗,雙手放在背後,任憑兩個大塊頭警察把他壓倒在地,另一名警察繼續打他的後腦勺。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />就你目前所見,再這樣打下去,理查就要受重傷、變成殘廢或丟掉小命了。而且理查明明什麼罪都沒犯。這時候,你突然想到自己帶著武器,如果介入的話,也許可以救理查一命。那麼,你可以出手嗎?<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /> 本書要給你一個很有爭議的答案:出手吧。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />在這種時候,你為了救理查而攻擊警察是正當的,警察是防禦性暴力(defensive violence)的正當目標。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />叛離、抗議與忠誠<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />在現實世界的民主社會中,掌握權力的人(包括總統、官僚、法官、警員、中央情報局探員,甚至是民主制度democratic的選民),幾乎每天都在以極不公不義、極不負責任的方式濫用權力。因此政治哲學的迫切問題之一,就是去回答一般公民有權用哪些方式回應不正義。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />政治經濟學家阿爾伯特.赫緒曼(Albert Hirschman)在名著《叛離、抗議與忠誠》(Exit, Voice, and Loyalty)中指出,公司的客戶或組織的成員在發現公司或組織從事不良行為時,主要的反應可以分為三種。第一種是「叛離」,也就是顧客停止購買公司的產品,或者成員(例如員工)離開組織。第二種是「抗議」,也就是對組織內部的人(例如握有實權的人)抱怨,或發起公開抗議。第三種是「忠誠」,也就是儘管知道公司或組織有缺點,依然不離不棄。然而,赫緒曼並沒有說忠誠一定是站在叛離或抗議的對立面。事實上,忠誠的反應,反而會讓抗議的聲音更強,或讓叛離的威脅更有力。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />許多哲學家和一般人似乎都認為,我們回應政治壓迫或不正義的方式,僅限於叛離、抗議與忠誠。其中有些人認為我們有義務參與政治、參加抗議、加入選戰、用政治方法改變社會;某些人則認為這些行為雖然值得稱讚,但不是我們的義務。大多數人都認為,面對這些問題時我們可以默不作聲或者移民到其他國家。他們通常都假設或斷定,政府發布不公不義的命令、做出不公不義行為、通過不公不義的法律時,我們只能乖乖服從、抗議,或遠走他鄉。他們認為我們通常應該遵守法律。而且如果在抗議行動中違法,就應該承擔後果,包括接受懲罰;而且通常也都認為,我們無權反擊政府代理人,尤其是民主政權的代理人。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />不過,這個世界上有所謂的防禦性暗殺(defensive assassination)和防禦性殺人(defensive killing)。例如安德魯.阿特曼(Andrew Altman)和克里斯托弗.威爾曼(Christopher Wellman)就認為:「我們當然有權暗殺一九三○年代的史達林(Joseph Stalin)。」不過,如果我們可以暗殺史達林,那麼如果必須殺了某個政府官員才能阻止他傷害無辜,我們是否也有權這樣做?如果我們有權為了阻止希特勒(Adolf Hitler)入侵波蘭而暗殺他,我們是不是也有權為了阻止他入侵菲律賓而暗殺他?是否也有權為了阻止他下令進行種族屠殺或強迫少數族群遷徙而暗殺他?如果我們有權為了阻止蓋世太保(Gestapo)殺害無辜民眾而殺了他們,那我們是否也有權為了阻止警察過度使用暴力而殺了警察?<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />正如前文所言,哲學家和一般人對這些問題的答案通常是「否」。他們假設或主張,自由民主國家的人民只能用非暴力的方法反抗國家的不正義。即便民主政府的代理人做出極為不公不義、極為有害、極具破壞性的行為,我們依然必須服從。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />這實在很讓人費解。目前的主流觀點認為,我們必須用另一套道德原則,來判斷是否人們有權對政府代理人行使防禦性暴力、欺騙、破壞,或者刻意逃避責罰。也就是說,如果攻擊我的人身穿制服、擔任公職,或者是由我的鄰人票選出來的,那麼我可能就無權在防禦時撒謊、刻意欺瞞、搞破壞,或殺害攻擊者。根據這樣的主流觀點,我的鄰人只要讓某人擔任公職,就可以剝奪我保護自己或他人不受這個官員傷害的權利。這實在太詭異了,畢竟如今幾乎每個人都知道法律並不等於正義,而且有時候法律真的很不公不義。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />本書支持的回應方式並非叛離、抗議或忠誠,而是第四種選擇:反抗(resistance)。我將許多不同的行為都歸類為「反抗」,包括消極的不服從(在不被抓到的前提下,技術性地犯法或無視國家命令),以及更積極的反抗,例如攔截警車、破壞或摧毀政府財產、欺騙政府代理人,甚至是攻擊政府代理人。我主張這種形式的反抗通常都是正當的,而且即使是在相對而言政府相當正義(just)的現代民主國家,只要國家做出不正義之舉,這種形式的反抗依然是正當的。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />政府的神奇防護罩:特殊豁免論<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />每種意識形態的幾乎每一個人,都相信政府代理人身上罩著某種道德魔法力場,即使做出不義的行為,也應該獲得特殊待遇。一般的觀點不但認為政府代理人有某種特權,可以做出一些只要是平民去做就顯得很邪惡,或顯得無法容忍的不公不義之舉;而且還認為政府代理人為惡的時候有某種豁免權,我們不可以阻止他們。也就是說,政府代理人可以做出不正義之舉,而我們只能乖乖站在旁邊看著他們得逞。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />好吧,也許「看著他們得逞」有點誇張。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />大多數人都認為我們可以抗議政府代理人的惡行,也可以向其他政府代理人投訴,請他們懲罰同事的不良行為。有些哲學家則更進一步主張,政府行為不當時,我們有道德義務抗議、寫信給報社編輯或參議員、投票給更好的候選人。不過儘管如此,他們還是認為我們不該自己出手阻止這些惡行。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />然而,我們並不會這樣看待一般人的不正義之舉。如果有人想傷害你,沒有人會說你無權反擊,也沒有人會說你應該任由惡徒傷害你,然後等警察過來再把他繩之以法。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />某些政治哲學家和一般人看到這裡會嗤之以鼻,因為關於「政府代理人有神奇防護罩」這個主張,他們認為有更溫和且更合理的版本。他們既不認為所有政府機關、政府代理人、政治人物都擁有為惡的特權,也不認為我們該袖手旁觀讓所有政府代理人作惡。他們會說:「在我們看來,只有民主的政府、政府代理人、政治人物身上才罩著某種神奇的道德魔法力場。這種特權既讓他們不受一般道德義務規範,也要求其他人放任他們為惡。但不民主的政府與政府代理人,當然就沒有這種特權。」<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />因此,下面我要用四個思想實驗,來解釋我所謂的「政府代理人的神奇防護罩」究竟是什麼意思:<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />A 公園裡的槍擊犯<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />一名蒙面男子從黑色貨車裡出來。他拿著一枝步槍,準備掃射公園裡的孩子。安帶著一把槍從旁邊經過,在槍擊犯殺死無辜孩童之前擊斃了他。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />B 派對裡的醉漢<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />羅尼在派對上喝茫了,拿著火炬在屋子裡跑來跑去,大喊著:「你們看,我變成霹靂火(Human Torch)了!」其他四個客人把羅尼趕出屋子,不讓他引起火災,但卻在盛怒之下打倒了他,踢他的臉和肚子且棍如雨下。安看見羅尼已經被制伏了,而且打他的四個人身上都有槍。於是安掏出自己的槍,警告那四個人住手。這些男人不理會安,她只好瞄準其中一個人開槍,阻止這些人繼續打,畢竟他們一不小心可能把羅尼打死。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />C 健康主義狂人<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />健康生活大師約翰,真心相信咖啡因對健康不好、會讓人懶惰,而且會讓人容易接近真正的毒品。他宣布為了保護鄰人的健康、促進社會公益,從今天開始要和信徒們一起逮捕喝咖啡的人、沒收他們的財產、把他們關在約翰骯髒的地下室好幾年。安喜歡喝咖啡,但窮到無法搬離該鎮,只好每天早上躲在廚房偷偷喝。結果約翰的信徒某一天破門而入,想把安抓起來,安試圖自衛,失手殺了這名信徒。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />D 恐怖分子<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />恐怖組織「眼鏡蛇」的老大寇布拉司令,用各種賄賂、詭計、威脅手段,控制了美國的領導階級。之後他又用這些方法,要求美軍在沒有正當理由下入侵其他國家。他的私人保鑣安,有一天得知寇布拉的陰謀,發現自己保護的人其實是一個大魔王,於是就在寇布拉下令屠殺數百位平民之前,及時從後方開槍擊碎了他的後腦勺。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />一般來講,傷害或殺害他人都是錯的。但在上述的例子裡,我們會說安有權殺死這些壞人,因為這是保護自己或他人免於嚴重傷害或嚴重不正義行為最有效的方法。如果安有足夠有效的非暴力手段可以保護自己或他人,她還是應該改用非暴力手段,但如果沒有,她就有權用暴力阻止其他人犯下嚴重惡行。她沒有義務允許壞人恣意為惡,也不需要袖手旁觀暴行。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />我相信大多數人都會同意,安在上述四個例子中有權殺死壞人。可能只有極端的和平主義者才會說這種情況下殺人依然是錯的。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />不過,我們再來看看下面四個例子(A'-D')。它們各自對應上面的(A-D),唯一明顯的差異,就是犯人是政府的職權(ex officio)代理人(如果你願意的話,請把他們直接想像成民主政府的代理人)。然後我得說一下,前三個例子都是從真實故事改編而來:<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />A' 槍擊廂型車<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />安在路邊看到一名警察攔下一輛廂型車,裡面坐著一名女性司機,後座有三個小孩。司機兩手空空放在方向盤上。警察從警車裡出來,開始朝廂型車的窗戶開槍。安身上有槍,於是她在警察殺死任何一名孩子之前,先向警察開槍。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />B' 喝茫的駕駛<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />羅尼酗了整夜的酒,然後在高速公路上超速。警察想把羅尼攔下來,但羅尼不聽,和警察展開一場飛車追逐。最後警察還是把他攔了下來,但卻不只是把羅尼從車裡拖出來上銬,而是在制伏他、讓他趴在地上之後,輪流用警棍毆打。看見此情景的安,大喊著請警察住手,警察卻不理她。於是安只好掏出武器朝其中一名警察開槍,阻止警察繼續打,畢竟他們一不小心就可能把羅尼打死。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />C' 向毒品宣戰<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />鎮長決定立法禁止吸食大麻,但絕大多數的證據都證實,大麻在各方面的危害都小於每個成年人能自由使用的某種毒品:酒精。安在家裡藏了一罐大麻。某天晚上警察不先敲門就直接闖進她家。安知道這些人是警察,也知道自己一旦被捕,就會坐很久的牢。她的政府對持有毒品的人判處過重的刑責,而當地公民要求修改法律,但政府置之不理。於是安決定拒捕,並溜之大吉。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />D' 好戰的政府<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />祕密探員安,在軍情室聽到總統命令軍隊在沒有正當理由下入侵其他國家。明明房間裡的將軍和其他專家都明白指出,這個命令會殺害數百位無辜平民,總統卻依然要下令。於是安在總統下令之前即時出手打昏了他。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />人們對這四個例子的看法,往往與前四個例子不同。他們認為第一組例子中(A-D),我們可以為了保護自己或他人而出手干預,但在第二組例子中(A'-D')干預就是錯的(至少某些例子是錯的)。然而A'-D'的每個例子,至少乍看之下都和A-D很像。唯一的差異是A-D的壞人是平民,而A'-D'的壞人是政府的職權代理人。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />同樣地,大多數人也會在其他事情上抱持雙重標準。他們允許我為了阻止黑手黨傷害無辜百姓而對他們撒謊,卻不允許我為了同樣的目的,對加拿大選民撒謊。他們允許我為了阻止黑手黨傷害無辜百姓,入侵並破壞黑手黨的電腦、(如果我在金融公司的話)竄改他們的財務紀錄,卻不允許我為了阻止德國政府傷害無辜百姓而做同樣的事情。他們允許我為了阻止黑手黨傷害無辜百姓,摧毀黑手黨的軍械庫,但即使英國陸軍即將發動一場不公不義的戰爭,他們也不允許我摧毀英國陸軍的武器。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />如果不把所有細節都列出來,人們可能會說,這兩組例子不能在道德上相提並論,因為如果我們仔細比對,就會發現兩組例子並不相似。另外,也有可能A-D與A'-D'真的就是沒那麼像。為了回應以上這些疑慮,本書將一一檢查兩組例子之間是否有任何重要差異。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />無論如何,現實世界中的政府(包括民主政府)似乎還是做出了許多不公不義到極點的行為。如果民間代理人想要做那些行為,我們就會認為在必要的情況下,可以為了阻止這些行為而欺騙他們、破壞計畫、使用暴力。但在此同時,人們卻出於各種原因,認為政府或政府代理人做這些行為時,我們應該讓他們得逞。他們雖然允許我們事後抗議,甚至要求我們必須抗議,卻又說我們不能自己出手阻止。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />因此我可以說,許多人都相信我所謂的「特殊豁免論」(special immunity thesis)。該理論認為,我們在干預、試圖阻止、反擊政府職權代理人的不正義之舉時,需要額外負擔更多的責任才能說明自己是對的。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></div><div class="moreBtn" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding: 2px 0px; text-align: center; width: 88px;" viewall="1">顯示部分內容</div></div></div><a name="pr3" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, 微軟正黑體, 微软雅黑, メイリオ, "맑은 고딕", sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></a><div class="prodContent" id="personGuideDiv" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, 微軟正黑體, 微软雅黑, メイリオ, "맑은 고딕", sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><div style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; height: 25px; margin: 0px auto;"></div><div style="border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; height: 1px; margin: 0px auto;"></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; padding: 25px 0px 10px;">推薦序</div><div class="content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">導讀一(節錄)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />不管您是誰或誰的誰,落實零時差的正義是一種道德義務?<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />葉浩(政治大學政治系副教授)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />江洋大盜與東廠錦衣衛<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />開卷愉快,為了確認您就是作者布倫南預期的讀者,請先試想以下兩個常見武俠場景:(一)江洋大盜正凌虐手無寸鐵且不會武功的普通百姓,正當刀往人的脖子砍時,突然出現一位蒙面俠,瞬間讓盜匪的人頭落地;(二)東廠錦衣衛正追殺忠良並對其妻女施暴,突然出現一位蒙面俠,「咻」地一聲讓幾位朝廷爪牙全倒下。您是否對這兩個不同的場景都感到痛快,覺得道德良善、公道真理全都回來了?抑或,您認為盜匪的確該就地正法,但身著官服的人則不該如此?<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />若是後者,那恭喜了,本書幾乎是為您而寫!因為作者認為,當一個正在施虐、霸凌或進行不義勾當的人是普通百姓時,多數人會義憤填膺並願意主動上前阻止,但如果現行犯是總統、國會議員、各級官僚或軍警,「人民會卻出於各種原因,認為政府或政府代理人做這些行為時,我們應該讓他們得逞」—特別是在民主國家,制度「雖然允許我們事後抗議,甚至要求我們必須抗議,卻又說我們不能自己出手阻止」(頁四一)。《暴民法》這本書的用意是為了指出,這種矛盾其實是一種道德思考上的謬誤。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />請注意前文的「各種原因」這四個字。是的,布倫南將會盡他所能在本書討論支持上述差別對待的各種可能理由,雖然焦點是放在「社會契約論」(Social Contract Theory)之上。作為現代憲政民主思想起源的社會契約論,基本上主張「國家」(state)乃一群生活在缺乏政治權威的「自然狀態」(state of nature)的人們,因為受不了沒有政府、法律的諸多不便或危險才自願組成的。換言之,人們是為了想過更好的生活,才想到必須集體放下手上用來自保的各種武器或資源,進入一個有政府的社會。這是一種工具理性,或說一種交易,亦即以忠誠守法來換取人身安全和各種自然狀態下不可能擁有的保障。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />職是之故,活在國家統治下的人們對政府存有一個必須善盡守法的「政治義務」(political obligation),政府也必須提供相應的保障,也就是通常會寫入憲法當中的「根本權利」。西方當前的所有民主理論,不管是直接或間接民主、代議或參與式民主,還是作為彌補兩者缺失的審議民主乃至公民投票,基本理據皆源於此。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />《反民主》之後的思想試驗<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />不久前才以《反民主》(Against Democracy)一書而聲名大噪的本書作者,選擇批評民主制度的思想基礎固然不讓人意外,不過,在本書他卻策略性地退了一步,採取另一種攻擊角度。此前,布倫南高喊政治又不是詩歌或藝術,所以別跟人們說民主是為了彰顯「道德平等」、「人性尊嚴」之類的內在價值,重點在於政治能不能有效、迅速地解決現實問題,讓人的生活過得更好—結果才是一切。這次,他以退為進,高舉「道德平等」作本書所有論點的邏輯支撐,也就是以對手深信的核心價值反駁對手的所有理由。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />寫作風格本來就邏輯犀利且幽默,甚至帶點挖苦的布倫南,採取這樣的論證策略肯定更能發揮特長,絕不會讓喜愛觀看近身肉搏論戰的讀者失望。布倫南仔細地想過所有支持對普通老百姓與政府代理人的差別待遇的立場,並通稱這些說法為「特殊豁免論」,再一一反駁。回到這篇文章第一段的兩個武俠場景,如果讀者有異議,並不認為它們可以相提並論(畢竟行不義之事的人身分不同),布倫南歡迎大家對號入座,讀一讀他怎麼以邏輯拆掉各位持反論時坐的那張椅子。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />布倫南於本書的「反駁」,其實是一連串比那兩個武俠場景更加精心設計的案例,若以哲學術語來說,則是「思想試驗」(thought experiments)。他意圖讓讀者理解,所有涉及了不同官、民身分差異的案例,進一步探究其各自的邏輯或比較基礎之後,會發現那些差異根本不足以讓我們以不同的方式待之。本書充滿了各種思想試驗的提出與比較,但萬變不離其宗,一切的核心就是布倫南所謂的「道德平等論」:<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />正當護衛自我或他人免受政府代理人傷害的條件,與正當護衛自我或他人免受平民傷害的條件相同。(頁四二)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />簡言之,任何對我們的不公不義或傷害,不管施予者的身份是官員或百姓,真正的「道德平等」意味著我們可「以其人之道,還治其人之身」<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />值得一提的是,在作者眼裡,遲來的正義不算正義,面對不公不義或傷害,必須當場立即還擊。針對性強一點地說,他認為民主制度幾乎確保了許多不公不義的情境,而以法律方式或任何符合憲政體制的事後追究、平反,根本永遠不會來臨!<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />即使讀者的立場看起來像和作者相同,他也有悄悄話想單獨對讀者說,那就是:落實真正的道德平等,意味著您本人有責任去阻止正在違法使壞的政府代理人,而手段包括取出隨身攜帶的那一把槍,立刻擊斃凌虐無辜百姓的警察。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />是的,閱讀這本書的讀者不能袖手旁觀,而是必須馬上採取實際行動阻止違法警員。因為根據布倫南的說法,那是我們的道德義務,或根本就是每個人的「本分」(duty)……<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />導讀二(節錄)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />讀《暴民法》的三種方法<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />朱家安(哲學哲學雞蛋糕腦闆)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />哲學家思考一般人不習慣思考的東西,這是為什麼在日常對話裡提起哲學問題相當危險。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />試想吃宵夜的時候你朋友嚼著甜不辣,抬起頭來猛然一句:「所以我們真的能確定我們感知到的是真的嗎?有沒有可能你和甜不辣都只是我的幻覺?」<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />這時候你能確定的恐怕只有,這位朋友不是伴你宵夜的最佳選擇。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />身為哲學家,本書作者布倫南特殊之處在於,他的研究和主張,就連道地的哲學家看來,也相當危險。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />在二○一八年引進中文版的《反民主》裡,布倫南論證民主沒有內在價值,只是生產公平、明智政治決策的工具。因此若選民素質低落,恐產出減損他們自身權益的決策,我們有正當理由換用其他「看起來不太民主」的工具來決定社會的未來,例如把投票權集中在少數人手上的各種「知識菁英制」。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />在這本《暴民法》裡,布倫南論證庶民在一些情況下不但可以反抗政府,還可以動用暴力。想像一下:你看見警察攔下車輛,叫駕駛下車趴下,接著掏出警棍毆打沒有反抗能力的駕駛,你眼見駕駛已經濺血,而警察卻針對頭部等要害痛毆他不打算停手,附近也沒有其他人,要阻止駕駛被打死或重傷,唯一的機會就是當下用物理手段阻止警察。布倫南認為,在這種情況下,你在道德上有權利使用暴力制伏警察,甚至殺死他,來阻止駕駛繼續受到無謂的傷害。(當然,你有權利做某件事情,不代表你能成功辦到,布倫南也提醒大家,一件事情有多道德,跟一件事情有多明智,是兩回事。)<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />布倫南的文字明確,論證完整,解說周到,幾乎不預設哲學背景,再加上流暢的譯筆,讓這本書成為結論令人髮指,但推論過程可口的作品。或許有些人光是閱讀上面幾段文字,都覺得布倫南妖言惑眾、這本書根本應該查禁。我認為,這種人反而特別適合閱讀和挑戰此書。哲學的世界沒有白吃的午餐,愈是驚世駭俗、違反常識和直覺的結論,愈需要堅強的論證來支持。持有完全相反立場的讀者,最有動機和潛力秉持批判的眼光來閱讀布倫南的論證,體會最大的思辨樂趣。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />現代政府依然濫權<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />警察等「政府代理人」濫權、暴力傷人,這在現代社會不是什麼奇聞異事。在國民黨專政的漫長歷史裡,軍警對付政治犯和異議人士,侵犯人權來鞏固政權。解嚴之後,依然時有公務員違法調查、刑求、使用不必要的暴力的新聞,二○一四年三月「三二三占領行政院事件」裡,抗爭者遭員警毆打流血的照片,我至今歷歷在目。即使在不那麼「暴力」的例子裡,政府人員不照法令行事、警察在事件現場阻止記者採訪,更是時有可聞。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />從二○一九年三月開始,至今已經持續超過一年的香港「反送中」運動,也提醒我們國家機器的能耐。在香港民眾與政府衝突最激烈的時候,網路上隨處可見警察單方面毆打民眾至流血的照片和影片。當然,有時候警察動用暴力,是為了應付部分動用暴力的抗爭者,但這依然無法合理說明那些無端受到警察挑釁和攻擊、被制伏後受毆打、被失蹤、遭受性暴力甚至死亡的報導。當警察使用暴力,似乎多半情況都可以自我辯解說是執法所需,在這種情況下,人民能怎麼辦呢?<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />政府會濫權,這是事實,而問題則是社會該如何阻止濫權。當然,比起專制政體裡的人民,民主政體裡的人民通常有更多機會「和平改造」政府,而民主政府也更容易回應人民的願望、需求和異議。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />然而,民主政治的改變雖是長久之計,但也曠日廢時。若政府濫權的事實化為揮舞的警棍或上膛的槍械擺在眼前,就算後續有立委質詢、監察院調查,也無法即時阻止不幸,身為一般民眾,如果我們有能力辦到,道德是否允許我們動用必要的武力來阻止濫權?這是布倫南在本書要處理的問題,這個問題不但哲學,而且現實。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />反抗的權利<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />大部分人都認為暴力不好,但很少有人會主張,人不管怎樣都不可以使用暴力。如果你遇上,或目擊別人遇上急迫危險,你合理判斷只有暴力對待行兇者能化解危機,人們多半會認為,那麼,暴力縱使不理想,卻也是沒辦法的事。在這種情況下,大家可能不至於認為你有義務行使暴力來避免危機,但應該會認為你有權這樣做。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />然而,在上述案例裡,若將行兇者換為警察,許多人的判斷會改變。同樣是壓制並毆打手無寸鐵的人,當動手的人穿著警察制服,守序善良的公民們更可能認為,即使眼見被打的人有生命危險,而暴力介入是救命的唯一手段,旁人也不該這樣做。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />布倫南用「魔法防護罩」來形容這種對比:即使在同樣情況下執行同等的暴力,比起一般人,政府和政府代理人似乎有某種豁免權不受暴力反抗。布倫南不同意這種豁免權的存在,他主張不管是誰都有權動用必要的暴力來避免危機,不管促成危機的人是綁匪還是警察都一樣。在布倫南的「道德平等論」底下,政府代理人不具特殊豁免權,應該在道德上和一般人受同樣對待。這個結論值得注意,因為若布倫南是對的,眼見手足被港警毆打濺血的香港人,為了阻止國家暴力,在道德上甚至是允許殺死警察的。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />布倫南的立論明確,舉例具體,推論過程完整可見,不過就如同其他所有哲學作品,這不代表你就該接受他的想法。一邊閱讀,一邊思量作者的說法是否合理,是享受哲學的主要方式之一。以下我介紹幾種進一步「使用」這本書的方法,希望協助讀者進行有趣的理解和思考……<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></div><div class="moreBtn" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding: 2px 0px; text-align: center; width: 88px;" viewall="1">顯示部分內容</div></div></div><a name="pr4" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, 微軟正黑體, 微软雅黑, メイリオ, "맑은 고딕", sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></a><div class="prodContent" id="prefaceDiv" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, 微軟正黑體, 微软雅黑, メイリオ, "맑은 고딕", sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><div style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; height: 25px; margin: 0px auto;"></div><div style="border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; height: 1px; margin: 0px auto;"></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; padding: 25px 0px 10px;">作者序</div><div class="content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">引言<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />危險的哲學<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />西方哲學其實不是從蘇格拉底開始的,不過反正他已經變成某種創世神話了。蘇格拉底是個討厭鬼。他會四處去挑戰雅典城內最有智慧的人,證明他們其實連自己專業領域裡看似簡單的問題都答不出來。虔誠的人不知道什麼是虔誠,公正的人不知道什麼是公正。我們對於自己想當然耳的事其實一無所知,甚至無法證明自己的基本假設是對的。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />雅典人當然不喜歡他幹這種危險的事,於是把他殺了。哲學不只對哲學家而言很危險,對其他人來說也很危險。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />哲學挖出隱而未顯的想法,揭露我們忽視的矛盾。很多看起來必定如此之事,仔細一想皆未必如此。很多時候,我們的核心信念不過是一團亂麻。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />我們想要理清亂麻的時候,可能會犯下危險的錯誤。有些國家即便到了今天,都還受哲學家過去犯的錯誤所害。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />但與此同時,如果不往前探索,不改變我們的道德觀,人類就不可能進步。總體來說,如今我們的生活比一千年前的祖先更好,社會也更為正義。我不想把所有,甚至大部分的功勞歸給哲學家,但他們的確做出了某些貢獻。例如我們現在已經不再把政府代理人視為神任命的領主,而是視為人民的公僕。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />如今我們也把地球上的每一個人視為同一個道德社群的同胞,不再像大部分的祖先那樣,認為自己的道德不需要去管那些「野蠻人」。我們也了解到,政府領導人和平民在道德上基本上是平等的,適用相同的道德標準。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />哲學經常會處理危險的問題。例如世界上有沒有神?人類的生命權從哪一刻開始?我們擁有哪些權利,這些權利有多強,在什麼情況下可以被政府或其他人推翻?戰爭需要遵守哪些原則?為什麼性侵、偷竊、殺人是不對的?成為道德受體(moral patient,我們對其擁有道德義務)的條件有哪些?形成道德主體(moral agent,承擔道德義務者)的條件又有哪些?人類、動物、植物的生命有什麼價值?什麼時候可以使用暴力,暴力在什麼時候有正當性?<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />這些問題之所以困難的原因之一,就是我們大部分人在這些問題上的信念與直覺,往往自相矛盾。大部分人對這些問題的答案,都蘊含了某些自己應該不會接受的看法。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />例如生物倫理學家彼得.辛格(Peter Singer)問過讀者,為什麼你相信人類擁有某些牛沒有的權利。大部分人的答案都是「嗯,人類有自由意志,牛沒有」、「人類的智力高到足以擁有權利,牛沒有」之類。辛格進一步問道,所以你認為我們可以拿嚴重智能障礙的人進行任何醫學實驗,或者吃掉他們囉?反正他們不具備擁有權利所需的特質嘛?上述這種說法當然會讓許多讀者很不舒服,但我們必須要有這種不舒服,才能進一步思考權利從何而來,以及權利屬於那些人事物。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />這本書也提出了一個相當簡單,但可能很危險的觀點:在面對平民時,你擁有多少自衛和保護他人的權利,在面對政府代理人時,你就擁有同樣程度的權利。保護自己和他人不受政府代理人所侵害的道德原則,和保護自己和他人不受平民所害的道德原則是完全一樣的。即便政府代理人是根據自己的職位做出符合法律的惡行,此時依然與民同等。而我主要的論證方式將指出,沒有其他健全(sound)的道理,可以對這個問題採取其他立場。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />本書的論證可以推導出某些直截了當的危險結論。如果我的論證正確,就表示警察對你執法過當或試圖以不成立犯罪的罪名逮捕你的時候,你可以自衛。同時這也表示,政府職員可以顛覆同事或長官的不公不義行為。而且如果政府代理人會以不公不義的方式使用你的資訊,你就可以欺騙他們。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />不過,推論時要小心。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />我的論證是在討論自衛與保護他人。霸凌者推你的時候你出手反抗,叫做自衛。兇手試圖搶劫時你阻止他,叫做保護他人。但如果在事發一年後,你在霸凌者或搶劫者沒有傷害他人的時候去打他們,那就不叫自衛或保護他人,而是報復或私刑。本書沒有討論私刑,它和自衛是兩碼子事。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />我們在最近幾年,可能都看過了警察過度執法的影片。我的確認為旁觀者在某些情況下有權使用暴力,甚至有權使用致命武力來阻止警察施暴或殺害平民。但如果你在事過境遷之後主動攻擊施暴的警察,就變成報復或私刑了。這並非本書要辯護的對象。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />另外,自衛不同於革命或暴力社會變革。本書討論的原則,只涉及我們可以用什麼方法保護自己或他人不受直接的不正義威脅。我並沒有論證是否應該用暴力、顛覆、欺騙的方式,來改變政府形式、統治者、法律、司法系統。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />本書是一本哲學書,不是自衛手冊。我建議各位在套用本書觀點時,要特別小心謹慎。首先,我的說法可能是錯的(我自己不這麼認為,但事實上有可能)。其次,即便我的說法沒錯,我們在激情之下往往也很難正確套用道德原則,而且你自己也可能會犯錯。第三,雖然我認為我們有權行使某些防禦性行動,但政府肯定不會同意。例如我認為,道德允許我們在羅德尼.金(Rodney King)這類事件中阻止警察。但我們介入時,警察可能會暴力回擊,而且介入的人可能會吃上官司,甚至被殺。有些時候,現實會讓道德上允許的事情變得有勇無謀。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />哲學的某些任務,是用批判的角度檢視我們最基本的假設,看看它們是否禁得起推敲。但這幾乎一定會讓人火大。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />有些時候,原本看來只會出現在象牙塔裡的東西,會突然出現在政治上。哲學家在二十世紀後半葉,曾爭論刑求是否一定是錯的;如果我們在「定時炸彈」思想實驗(ticking time bomb)中用刑求的方式從恐怖分子那裡逼出炸彈的資訊,那麼我們的行為也許就是可受允許或情有可原的。後來有一天,美國開啟了一場「反恐戰爭」,於是上述這些討論突然變得一點也不象牙塔了。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />「電車問題」(Trolley Problem)如今也走入了現實。哲學家菲莉帕.富特(Philippa Foot)在一九七八年想出了這個問題。她先提問,如果一輛失控的火車即將壓死五個人,你當下唯一的選擇就是拉動一個開關,讓火車開往另一條軌道去撞死一個人,你應該拉開關嗎?這時大部分人都說「應該」。然後她又問,如果把選項換一下,你唯一的選擇不是拉開關,而是把一個胖子從橋上推下去擋住火車,你認為可以推嗎?這時候,大部分人卻說「不可以」。但這兩種狀況的差別究竟何在?電車問題有幾千種變體,很多人原本都以為研究這類問題的「電車哲學」(Trolley-ology)毫無意義。結果我們現在有自動駕駛汽車了,得在程式碼裡告訴汽車碰到類似的問題該怎麼決定。這個假設性的問題,也忽然變成了現實的問題。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />本書的靈感來自真實世界,討論的也是現實中的問題,但我必須說清楚,我對政府代理人通常並無惡感。我認為我們應該表揚人們做的好事,追究人們做的壞事,無論這些人是誰。在道德裡,每個人基本上都是平等的。這本書就是想認真地探索,道德平等究竟是什麼意思。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></div><div class="moreBtn" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding: 2px 0px; text-align: center; width: 88px;" viewall="1">顯示部分內容</div></div></div><a name="pr5" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, 微軟正黑體, 微软雅黑, メイリオ, "맑은 고딕", sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></a><div class="prodContent" id="catalogueDiv" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, 微軟正黑體, 微软雅黑, メイリオ, "맑은 고딕", sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><div style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; height: 25px; margin: 0px auto;"></div><div style="border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; height: 1px; margin: 0px auto;"></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; padding: 25px 0px 10px;">目錄</div><div class="content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">導讀一 不管您是誰或誰的誰,落實零時差的正義是一種道德義務? 葉浩<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />導讀二 讀《暴民法》的三種方法 朱家安<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />引言<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />第一章 第四種選擇:反抗<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />第二章 防衛倫理學<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />第三章 政府權威性論證<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />第四章 其他支持特殊豁免論的通用論證<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />第五章 勇敢說不<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />第六章 為了搞破壞而刻意撒謊<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />第七章 法官的正義<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />第八章 一定要反抗嗎?<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />結論<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />誌謝<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />注釋<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />參考文獻<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></div></div><a name="pr6" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, 微軟正黑體, 微软雅黑, メイリオ, "맑은 고딕", sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></a><div id="howBuyDiv" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, 微軟正黑體, 微软雅黑, メイリオ, "맑은 고딕", sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><div style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; height: 25px; margin: 0px auto;"></div><div style="border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; height: 1px; margin: 0px auto;"></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; padding: 25px 0px 10px;">購物須知</div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">退換貨說明:</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">會員均享有10天的商品猶豫期(含例假日)。若您欲辦理退換貨,請於取得該商品10日內寄回。</p><p style="box-sizing: 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style="background-color: #eaeaea; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">作者:</span></span><span style="background-color: #eaeaea; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"> </span></p><div class="contributor-details" style="background-color: #eaeaea; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><div class="contributor-details-block" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><span aria-controls="authorAffiliatePopUp" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="揭示 Maša Mrovlje 的作者隶属关系" class="contributor-details-link" id="authorAffiliate" role="button" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; cursor: pointer;" tabindex="0">马萨·姆罗夫列</span><div class="contributor-details-pop-up visibility-hidden" id="authorAffiliatePopUp" 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tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text" style="box-sizing: inherit; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></span></span></div></div> 和<a class="orcid" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3721-3141" style="background-image: url("../img/orcid_16x16.png"); background-repeat: no-repeat; box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: inline-block; height: 16px; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset; width: 16px;"><br /></a></div><div class="contributor-details" style="background-color: #eaeaea; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><div class="contributor-details-block" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><span aria-controls="authorAffiliatePopUp_0" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="揭示詹妮特·柯克帕特里克 (Jennet Kirkpatrick) 的作者隶属关系" class="contributor-details-link" data-preceded-by="authorAffiliate" id="authorAffiliate_0" role="button" style="background-color: rgba(145, 15, 22, 0.1); box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; cursor: pointer;" tabindex="0"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">珍妮特·柯克帕特里克</span></span></div></div><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 0.875rem;">“一部革命性的作品不是歌颂胜利和征服的作品,而是揭露革命最痛苦的冲突的作品”。</span></p><blockquote style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 1em 2em;"><span class="attribution" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">——</span></span><em style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">阿尔贝·加缪,《抒情与评论散文》</span></span></em></span></blockquote><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">最近,抵抗已成为政治理论的核心概念,是应对当代困境的核心。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">然而,许多叙述往往归因于一种理想化的英雄主义观点。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">在这种观点中,抵抗代表着针对不公正的明确行动,源于个人的自觉选择和对这一事业坚定不移的道德承诺。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">一些自由派学者,尤其是坎迪斯·德尔马斯和杰森·布伦南,认为民主社会的公民有道德义务抵制国家认可的不公正行为。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">这种抵抗要么通过“有原则的——文明的或不文明的——不服从”,要么通过“防御行动”发生(</span></span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib6" id="ref_bib6" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;">Delmas 2018:5</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">;</span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib4" id="ref_bib4" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;">Brennan 2019:15)</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">)。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">然而,尽管他们承认普遍存在的不公正现象会损害我们的认知和道德能力,但他们对我们抵抗的政治义务的阐述却没有对与系统性压迫作斗争时出现的道德困境、不确定性和风险进行持续的审视(Delmas 2018:</span></span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib6" id="d1731125e361" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;">198-222</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">;</span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib4" id="d1731125e364" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;">布伦南 2019:28-59、210-14</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">)。</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">一些后马克思主义学者也表现出类似的倾向。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">迈克尔·哈特(Michael Hardt)和安东尼奥·内格里(Antonio Negri)肯定了群众抵抗的潜力,以颠覆帝国的全球性、无所不在的生命政治秩序并建立“绝对民主”(Hardt and Negri 2004:90-91 </span></span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib7" id="ref_bib7" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;">)</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">尽管如此,他们还是将这种抵抗的承诺置于善与恶的道德二元体系中,而起义则以这种方式进行。</span></span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#" id="P-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;"></a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">受苦而善良的大众将英勇地战胜邪恶的压迫势力,带来自由的境界。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">仍然没有考虑到的是针对现有权力结构和等级制度的集体行动所带来的偶然性、复杂的共谋性和不可预测性(</span></span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib1" id="ref_bib1" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;">Anker 2012:142-47</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">;</span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib10" id="ref_bib10" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;">Kirkpatrick 2019:139-41</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">)。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">因此,尽管有各种见解,最近的理论对抵抗活动中不可避免的模糊性提供了一个不完整的图景,冒着抹黑不那么英勇的抵抗实践的风险,并削弱了我们对反对派政治可能性的想象力(Mihai 2020:2 </span></span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib17" id="ref_bib17" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;">)</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">本期特刊通过探究抵抗的灰色地带——抵抗活动人士面临的道德上模棱两可的处境和悲惨的选择——来解决这一差距。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">其目标是挑战英雄抵抗的主导观念,审视坚定不移的理想主义与丑陋的妥协、善良的承诺与懦弱的沉默、无条件的团结与卑鄙的背叛之间的阴暗领域。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">从英雄的角度来看,抵抗的阴暗可能会导致挥之不去的幻灭幽灵。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">它可能会加深人们对集体行动和解放性社会转型可能性的怀疑。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">相比之下,在阿尔贝·加缪看来,对本期特刊的贡献包含了痛苦,这是任何真正的“革命”作品的特征(</span></span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib5" id="ref_bib5" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;">Camus 1970:208)</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">)。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">他们认为,增强我们对抵抗内部灰色地带的理解是在我们缺乏传统道德确定性的不确定政治世界中重振反对派政治和斗争的重要资源。</span></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">一些当代作品已经触及了抵抗的模糊性,但没有仔细或详细地探讨它。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">社会和政治理论家对日常、普通或变相的抵抗形式提出了新颖的理解,并阐明了退出政治生活的政治、抵抗潜力(Vinthagen and </span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib8" id="ref_bib8" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">Johansson </span></a></span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib21" id="ref_bib21" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;">2013</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">;</span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib2" id="ref_bib2" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;">Bayat 2000</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">;</span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib9" id="ref_bib9" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;">Kirkpatrick</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"> 2017,2011 </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">)。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">批判理论家将更美好未来的愿景建立在仔细审视过去的失败、损失和失败的基础上,作为重新思考当代批判形式的有利来源(</span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib22" id="ref_bib22" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">Winters 2016</span></a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">;</span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib20" id="ref_bib20" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">Thaler 2019</span></a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">;</span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib14" id="ref_bib14" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">McIvor 2016)</span></a></span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib8" id="ref_bib8" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib22" id="ref_bib22" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib20" id="ref_bib20" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib14" id="ref_bib14" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">)。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">最后,政治记忆领域的学者揭露了从暴力过去转型的社会中英雄抵抗的霸权神话所带来的令人不安的政治影响,引起了人们的关注。</span></span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#" id="P-2" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;"></a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">普遍镇压情况下政治机构的矛盾心理(</span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib19" id="ref_bib19" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">Leebaw </span></a></span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib12" id="ref_bib12" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;">2019</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">;</span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib15" id="ref_bib15" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;">Mihai 2019a</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">;</span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib18" id="ref_bib18" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;">Mrovlje 2017,2020</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">)</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib19" id="ref_bib19" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">这期特刊是对这一新兴学术团体的及时反驳,因为它直接针对英雄机构,揭示了对这一事业拥有坚定不移的良性承诺的统一抵抗主体的幻想。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">我们认为,为了超越原则性的反抗和自满地接受现状之间的二元对立,我们需要做出可能令人不舒服和令人不安的转变——也就是说,深入抵抗的灰色地带。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">这种转变可能不受欢迎,因为抵抗的英雄神话往往构成社区集体身份不可分割的一部分,通过情感锚定的记忆计划在几代人之间复制(</span></span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib15" id="d1731125e434" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;">Mihai 2019a:52)</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">)。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">在这方面,对抵抗的模糊性的探究需要愿意接受那些令人不安的事情,扰乱我们对自己是谁的认识,并使我们面临不确定性和风险(Beausoleil 2017:295 </span></span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib3" id="ref_bib3" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;">)</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">自从普里莫·莱维(Primo Levi)在集中营的背景下有力地阐述了这一概念以来,学者们利用灰色地带话语来揭示系统性不公正中共谋的复杂性,从而回避了善与恶之间明确的二元关系(Levi 2015:2405-570 </span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib13" id="ref_bib13" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;">)</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"> ; </span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib11" id="ref_bib11" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;">Leebaw 2011</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"> ; </span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#bib16" id="ref_bib16" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;">Mihai 2019b</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">)。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">将抵抗置于灰色地带就消除了主权机构的假设,即个人自由行动且不受世界压力束缚的观念。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">考虑到灰色地带表明,“正确”的抵抗路线并不能得到保证。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">它不能通过一套普遍的道德标准来保证,无论个人的特定背景如何,也不能通过历史的必然或不可避免的进步来保证。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">抵抗者并不是英雄主义(通常是男性)的缩影,他们始终站在道德善良的一边,绝对致力于事业,无私地承担着艰辛、风险和自我牺牲的生活。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">在灰色地带,抵抗带来了困难的道德困境,无法简单地回答,也给预先给定的解决方案带来麻烦。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">抵抗者是多元化的参与者,</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">他们受到各种利益和忠诚的影响,并受到许多超出他们完全控制的情境因素的影响,包括性别、种族和阶级不平等的等级制度。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">事实上,他们面临的道德困境可能源于他们嵌入在相同的条件下</span></span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#" id="P-3" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;"></a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">他们寻求反抗的压迫。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">那些在相互重叠、相互构成的压迫网络中行动的人可能会面临痛苦的同谋、相互冲突的效忠和道德上的不确定性。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">他们的处境构成了抵抗行动不可避免的前景,并暴露了在普遍压迫的条件下代理、承诺和团结的复杂性。</span></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">那么,通过深入研究抵抗的灰色地带,本期特刊提供了对抵抗的洞察,抵抗是一种对世俗的压迫性结构领域做出反应的经验性的、情境性的和模糊的过程。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">它的具体重点在于质疑抵抗实践与系统性暴力的现有条件串通一气的动力,以及抵制这些动力的可能性。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">鉴于这一焦点,它还特别感兴趣的是,叙事(历史的或虚构的)的具体化的、特定于背景的理解特征如何能够揭示抵抗的现实和模糊性。</span></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">该特刊汇集了社会和政治理论、转型正义、记忆研究和艺术的观点,探讨了广泛背景下抵抗的灰色地带。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">其中包括反对极权主义、独裁主义和殖民政权的有组织的武装斗争,以及日常的、零碎的、被动的和“限制”的各种反抗或不遵守系统性不公正模式的行为。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">虽然每篇文章都揭示了抵抗英雄神话的局限性,但它是从一系列有利的角度来揭示的。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">讨论的主题包括极端不平等条件下革命暴力的道德困境、抵抗运动中背叛的复杂性、颠覆行动中的妥协和共谋,以及邪恶时代道德善良的矛盾心理。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">更远,</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">这些文章通过小说、广播节目和受害者证词等广泛的来源材料阐明了这些经历的困境。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">最后,为了阐明和阐明他们的理论发现,贡献者引用了来自不同历史时期和地理区域的一系列抵抗灰色地带的实际例子。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">这些例子包括二战期间的法国抵抗运动、南非的反种族隔离斗争以及波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的战争。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">撰稿人借鉴了不同历史时期和地理区域的一系列抵抗灰色地带的实际例子。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">这些例子包括二战期间的法国抵抗运动、南非的反种族隔离斗争以及波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的战争。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">撰稿人借鉴了不同历史时期和地理区域的一系列抵抗灰色地带的实际例子。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">这些例子包括二战期间的法国抵抗运动、南非的反种族隔离斗争以及波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的战争。</span></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">塔尔·科雷姆通过汉娜·阿伦特和弗朗茨·法农之间关于暴力与解放之间关系的相互丰富的对话,探讨了暴力在解放斗争中的矛盾作用。</span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#" id="P-4" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;"></a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">政治自由。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">与两位思想家的传统解释相反,本文挑战了合理的抵抗和可疑的抵抗之间的二元区别,前者只允许短期的、工具性的使用暴力,后者的暴力本质上被认为是被压迫者创造性的、有机的生命力。 。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">相反,它讨论了暴力作为政治可能性条件的构成作用,强调了不可能将革命的血腥时刻与作为公共自由空间的政治共同体的构成分开。</span></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">反过来,马萨·姆罗夫列通过探究棘手的背叛问题,挑战了抵抗者的英雄主义和绝对承诺的霸权男性主义神话。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">具体来说,她有兴趣揭露和质疑抵抗运动中背叛的性别表现。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">作为理论框架,本文借鉴了西蒙娜·德·波伏娃在</span></span><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">《第二性》中对女性气质的男性主义神话的批判,</em><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">并结合了当代女权主义关于战争和暴力辩论中女性主体性的压迫性建构的学术研究。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">它追溯了男性抵抗的霸权愿景如何倾向于将女性抵抗经历的模糊性纳入两个简化的女性神话——自我牺牲的母亲和诱人的</span></span><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">蛇蝎美人</em><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">——同时掩盖了由于女性的脆弱性而导致的背叛的复杂性。</span><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">本文以两部具有代表性的法国抵抗运动小说——约瑟夫·凯塞尔的《影子军团》</em><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">和罗杰·维兰的</span><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">《玩火》</em><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">为例,阐释了这一理论探索的政治意义。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">姆罗夫列认为,通过解构女性抵抗者的归化表征,我们可以挖掘英雄抵抗的霸权愿景的压迫性含义,并挑战解放后使性别不平等等级制度永久化的阴险过程。</span></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">吉斯利·沃格勒将焦点从有组织的集体武装斗争转移到日常的、通常是无形的、试探性的抵抗系统性镇压的行为。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">特别是,他质疑颠覆的灰色地带是一种内部抵抗的做法</span></span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#" id="P-5" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;"></a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">统治关系。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">沃格勒借鉴了无线电广播中颠覆性行为的例子,创造性地结合了弗朗茨·法农关于无线电抵抗潜力的有影响力的著作,通过对颠覆性政治的日常、多方面特征的洞察来丰富了它。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">他的论文探讨了现实中的颠覆,挑战英雄代理的站不住脚的神话,并揭示共谋和背叛构成的动态方式,在这种方式下,颠覆行为可以成为一种非常有效的(尽管不纯粹的)抵抗形式。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">为了说明颠覆的模糊性,沃格勒转向了南非班图广播电台的案例研究,强调了广播中颠覆种族隔离政权主导意识形态的变相抵抗做法。</span></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">布朗温·利鲍(Bronwyn Leebaw)在本期特刊的结尾处反思了讲述抵抗灰色地带故事的双刃剑特征。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">利鲍以汉娜·阿伦特和斯维特兰娜·布罗兹这两位黑暗时代故事讲述者的典范为基础,捍卫了恢复抵抗记忆作为政治机构和责任典范的价值。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">然而,她也警告了榜样的潜在有害力量,表明它们可能如何让那些不符合我们模范抵抗理想的人保持沉默。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">例如,阿伦特对诉诸善心持怀疑态度,声称它们不适合挑战系统性的暴行。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">她通过公共行动认定“好”榜样,</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">然而,也有可能掩盖滥用的结构性逻辑,这种逻辑往往建立在武断地将某些问题污蔑为“纯粹”私人的基础之上。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">相比之下,布罗兹在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那战争幸存者中收集政治暴力故事的努力拒绝自然化抵抗的“好”和“坏”范例之间的二元关系。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">相反,她阐明了私人善行、救援和关怀行为的政治含义,从而揭示了代理被忽视的可能性,以及如何利用关怀关系来强迫人们共谋。</span></span><a href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml#" id="P-6" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;"></a></p><ack style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:ifp="http://www.ifactory.com/press"><h2 id="" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">致谢</span></span></h2><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">衷心感谢两位匿名审稿人的细心阅读和精彩评论。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">还要特别感谢</span></span><em style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">Theoria</span></span></em><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">的编辑们对本期特刊的见解。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">我们非常感谢贡献者提供的丰富、引人注目且发人深省的文章。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">几位撰稿人在“抵抗的灰色地带和当代政治理论”小组上展示了他们的工作,该小组在华盛顿特区举行的 2019 年美国政治科学协会年会上举行。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">Maša Mrovlje 组织了小组讨论,Jennet Kirkpatrick 担任讨论者。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">我们感谢所有参与者提出的令人鼓舞的问题和建议。</span></span></p></ack><span style="background-color: white; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></span><section class="refSection level1" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><h2 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></h2><h2 id="" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">参考</span></h2><ul class="refList no-enumerators" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; margin: 16px; padding: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 24px;"><div class="reference" id="bib1" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p class="citationText text-body1" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 4px;"><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="surname" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">安克</span></span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">,</span></span></span><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">E.2012</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">_ </span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">《</span></span><span class="article-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">左派情节剧</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">》</span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">,</span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">当代政治理论</span></span></i><span class="lpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">11</span></span></span><span class="volume" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">(</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">2</span></span><span class="issue" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">)</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">:</span></span><span class="fpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">130-52</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">https://doi.org/10.1057/cpt.2011.10</span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="article-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></i><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="volume" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="issue" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="fpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="lpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></p><ul class="citationActions" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; list-style: none; margin: 4px 16px 0px 32px; padding: 0px;"><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="doi" href="https://doi.org/10.1057/cpt.2011.10" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="通过 CrossRef DOI 导航到此内容。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">交叉引用</span></a></li><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="googleScholar c-Button--link" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Left+Melodrama&author=E.+Anker&publication_year=2012&journal=Contemporary+Political+Theory&volume=11&issue=2&pages=130-52" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="在 Google Scholar 中搜索此引文。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">搜索谷歌学术</span></a></li><li style="border-right: none; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 0px;"><a class="exportCitation c-Button--link" href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/exportcitation/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml?cid=bib1&nojs=true" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" title="导出此引文"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">出口引证</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 24px;"><div class="reference" id="bib2" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p class="citationText text-body1" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 4px;"><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="surname" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">巴亚特</span></span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">,</span></span></span><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">A.2000</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">_ </span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">'</span></span><span class="lpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">到</span></span></span><span class="article-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">“安静的反叛者”:全球南方城市底层的政治</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">'</span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">,</span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">《国际社会学》</span></span></i><span class="volume" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">15</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">(</span></span><span class="issue" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">3</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">):</span></span><span class="fpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">533-57</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">https://doi.org/10.1177/026858000015003005</span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="article-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></i><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="volume" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="issue" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="fpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="lpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></p><ul class="citationActions" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; list-style: none; margin: 4px 16px 0px 32px; padding: 0px;"><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="doi" href="https://doi.org/10.1177/026858000015003005" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="通过 CrossRef DOI 导航到此内容。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">交叉引用</span></a></li><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="googleScholar c-Button--link" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=From+%E2%80%9CDangerous+Classes%E2%80%9D+to+%E2%80%9CQuiet+Rebels%E2%80%9D%3A+Politics+of+the+Urban+Subaltern+in+the+Global+South&author=A.+Bayat&publication_year=2000&journal=International+Sociology&volume=15&issue=3&pages=533-57" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="在 Google Scholar 中搜索此引文。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">搜索谷歌学术</span></a></li><li style="border-right: none; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 0px;"><a class="exportCitation c-Button--link" href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/exportcitation/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml?cid=bib2&nojs=true" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" title="导出此引文"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">出口引证</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 24px;"><div class="reference" id="bib3" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p class="citationText text-body1" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 4px;"><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="surname" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">博索莱伊</span></span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">,</span></span></span><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">E.2017</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">_ </span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">“</span></span><span class="article-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">作为回应的责任:制定遭遇的处置伦理</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">”,</span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">政治理论</span></span></i><span class="volume" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">45</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">(</span></span><span class="issue" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">3</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">):</span></span><span class="fpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">291</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">–</span></span><span class="lpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">318</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591716651109</span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="article-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></i><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="volume" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="issue" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="fpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="lpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></p><ul class="citationActions" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; list-style: none; margin: 4px 16px 0px 32px; padding: 0px;"><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="doi" href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591716651109" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="通过 CrossRef DOI 导航到此内容。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">交叉引用</span></a></li><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="googleScholar c-Button--link" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Responsibility+as+Responsiveness%3A+Enacting+a+Dispositional+Ethics+of+Encounter&author=E.+Beausoleil&publication_year=2017&journal=Political+Theory&volume=45&issue=3&pages=291-318" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="在 Google Scholar 中搜索此引文。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">搜索谷歌学术</span></a></li><li style="border-right: none; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 0px;"><a class="exportCitation c-Button--link" href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/exportcitation/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml?cid=bib3&nojs=true" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" title="导出此引文"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">出口引证</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 24px;"><div class="reference" id="bib4" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p class="citationText text-body1" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 4px;"><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="surname" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">布伦南</span></span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">,</span></span></span><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">J.2019</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: 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inherit;"></span></span><span class="publisher-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></p><ul class="citationActions" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; list-style: none; margin: 4px 16px 0px 32px; padding: 0px;"><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="doi" href="https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691183886" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="通过 CrossRef DOI 导航到此内容。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">交叉引用</span></a></li><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="googleScholar c-Button--link" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=When+All+Else+Fails%3A+The+Ethics+of+Resistance+to+State+Injustice&author=J.+Brennan&publication_year=2019" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="在 Google Scholar 中搜索此引文。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">搜索谷歌学术</span></a></li><li style="border-right: none; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 0px;"><a class="exportCitation c-Button--link" href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/exportcitation/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml?cid=bib4&nojs=true" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" title="导出此引文"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">出口引证</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 24px;"><div class="reference" id="bib5" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p class="citationText text-body1" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 4px;"><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="surname" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">加缪</span></span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">,</span></span></span><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">A.1970</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">_ </span></span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">抒情散文和批评散文</span></span></i><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: 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style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></i><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="publisher-loc" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="publisher-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></p><ul class="citationActions" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; list-style: none; margin: 4px 16px 0px 32px; padding: 0px;"><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 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style="box-sizing: inherit;">。</span><span class="publisher-loc" style="box-sizing: inherit;">纽约</span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;">:</span><span class="publisher-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;">企鹅出版社</span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;">。</span></p><ul class="citationActions" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; list-style: none; margin: 4px 16px 0px 32px; padding: 0px;"><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="googleScholar c-Button--link" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Multitude%3A+War+and+Democracy+in+the+Age+of+Empire&author=M.+A.+Hardt+Negri&publication_year=2004" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="在 Google Scholar 中搜索此引文。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">搜索谷歌学术</span></a></li><li style="border-right: none; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 0px;"><a class="exportCitation c-Button--link" href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/exportcitation/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml?cid=bib7&nojs=true" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" title="导出此引文"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">出口引证</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 24px;"><div class="reference" id="bib8" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p class="citationText text-body1" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 4px;"><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="surname" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></span></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">柯克</span></span><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="surname" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">帕特里克</span></span></span></span></span><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">,</span></span></span></span><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">J.2011</span></span></span></span></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">“</span></span><span class="article-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">谨慎的持不同政见者:索福克勒斯《安提戈涅》中的非英雄抵抗</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">”</span></span><span class="lpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">,</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">《</span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">政治评论》</span></span></i><span class="volume" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">73</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">(</span></span><span class="issue" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">3</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">):</span></span><span class="fpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">401-24</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.is.ed.ac.uk/10.1017/S0034670511003421</span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="article-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></i><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="volume" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="issue" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="fpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="lpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></p><ul class="citationActions" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; list-style: none; margin: 4px 16px 0px 32px; padding: 0px;"><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="doi" href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034670511003421" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="通过 CrossRef DOI 导航到此内容。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">交叉引用</span></a></li><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="googleScholar c-Button--link" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Prudent+Dissident%3A+Unheroic+Resistance+in+Sophocles%E2%80%99+Antigone&author=J.+Kirkpatrick&publication_year=2011&journal=Review+of+Politics&volume=73&issue=3&pages=401-24" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="在 Google Scholar 中搜索此引文。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">搜索谷歌学术</span></a></li><li style="border-right: none; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 0px;"><a class="exportCitation c-Button--link" href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/exportcitation/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml?cid=bib8&nojs=true" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" title="导出此引文"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">出口引证</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 24px;"><div class="reference" id="bib9" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p class="citationText text-body1" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 4px;"><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="surname" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></span></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">柯克</span></span><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="surname" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">帕特里克</span></span></span></span></span><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">,</span></span></span></span><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">J.2017</span></span></span></span></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">退出的优点:论抵抗和退出政治</span></span></i><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span class="publisher-loc" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">北卡罗来纳州教堂山</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">:</span></span><span class="publisher-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">北卡罗来纳大学出版社</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></i><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="publisher-loc" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="publisher-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></p><ul class="citationActions" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; list-style: none; margin: 4px 16px 0px 32px; padding: 0px;"><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="doi" href="https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469635392.001.0001" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="通过 CrossRef DOI 导航到此内容。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">交叉引用</span></a></li><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="googleScholar c-Button--link" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Virtues+of+Exit%3A+On+Resistance+and+Quitting+Politics&author=J.+Kirkpatrick&publication_year=2017" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="在 Google Scholar 中搜索此引文。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">搜索谷歌学术</span></a></li><li style="border-right: none; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 0px;"><a class="exportCitation c-Button--link" href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/exportcitation/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml?cid=bib9&nojs=true" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" title="导出此引文"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">出口引证</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 24px;"><div class="reference" id="bib10" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p class="citationText text-body1" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 4px;"><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="surname" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></span></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">柯克</span></span><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="surname" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">帕特里克</span></span></span></span></span><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">,</span></span></span></span><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">J.2019</span></span></span></span></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">“</span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">抵制</span></span><span class="article-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">退出</span></span></span><span class="lpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">”</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">,</span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">当代政治理论</span></span></i><span class="volume" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">18</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">(</span></span><span class="issue" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">2</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">):</span></span><span class="fpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">135-57</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">https://doi.org/10.1057/s41296-018-0252-1</span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="article-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></i><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="volume" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="issue" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="fpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="lpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></p><ul class="citationActions" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; list-style: none; margin: 4px 16px 0px 32px; padding: 0px;"><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="doi" href="https://doi.org/10.1057/s41296-018-0252-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="通过 CrossRef DOI 导航到此内容。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">交叉引用</span></a></li><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="googleScholar c-Button--link" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Resistant+Exit&author=J.+Kirkpatrick&publication_year=2019&journal=Contemporary+Political+Theory&volume=18&issue=2&pages=135-57" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="在 Google Scholar 中搜索此引文。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">搜索谷歌学术</span></a></li><li style="border-right: none; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 0px;"><a class="exportCitation c-Button--link" href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/exportcitation/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml?cid=bib10&nojs=true" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" title="导出此引文"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">出口引证</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 24px;"><div class="reference" id="bib11" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p class="citationText text-body1" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 4px;"><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="surname" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">利鲍</span></span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">,</span></span></span><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">B.2011</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">_ </span></span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">判断国家支持的暴力,想象政治变革</span></span></i><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span class="publisher-loc" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">剑桥</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">:</span></span><span class="publisher-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">剑桥大学出版社</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></i><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="publisher-loc" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="publisher-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></p><ul class="citationActions" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; list-style: none; margin: 4px 16px 0px 32px; padding: 0px;"><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="doi" href="https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511976490" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="通过 CrossRef DOI 导航到此内容。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">交叉引用</span></a></li><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="googleScholar c-Button--link" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Judging+State-Sponsored+Violence%2C+Imagining+Political+Change&author=B.+Leebaw&publication_year=2011" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="在 Google Scholar 中搜索此引文。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">搜索谷歌学术</span></a></li><li style="border-right: none; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 0px;"><a class="exportCitation c-Button--link" href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/exportcitation/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml?cid=bib11&nojs=true" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" title="导出此引文"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">出口引证</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 24px;"><div class="reference" id="bib12" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p class="citationText text-body1" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 4px;"><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="surname" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">利鲍</span></span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">,</span></span></span><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">B.2019</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">_ </span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">“</span></span><span class="article-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">如果能讲更多这样的故事就好了:记住抵抗的方式</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">”,</span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">法律、文化和人文</span></span></i><span class="volume" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">15</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">(</span></span><span class="issue" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">2</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">):</span></span><span class="fpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">448</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">–</span></span><span class="lpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">76</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">https://doi.org/10.1177/1743872115599714</span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="article-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></i><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="volume" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="issue" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="fpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="lpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></p><ul class="citationActions" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; list-style: none; margin: 4px 16px 0px 32px; padding: 0px;"><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="doi" href="https://doi.org/10.1177/1743872115599714" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="通过 CrossRef DOI 导航到此内容。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">交叉引用</span></a></li><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="googleScholar c-Button--link" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=If+Only+More+Such+Stories+Could+Have+Been+Told%3A+Ways+of+Remembering+Resistance&author=B.+Leebaw&publication_year=2019&journal=Law%2C+Culture+and+the+Humanities&volume=15&issue=2&pages=448-76" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="在 Google Scholar 中搜索此引文。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">搜索谷歌学术</span></a></li><li style="border-right: none; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 0px;"><a class="exportCitation c-Button--link" href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/exportcitation/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml?cid=bib12&nojs=true" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" title="导出此引文"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">出口引证</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 24px;"><div class="reference" id="bib13" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p class="citationText text-body1" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 4px;"><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="surname" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">列维</span></span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">,</span></span></span><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">P.2015</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">_ </span></span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">普里莫·莱维全集</span></span></i><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span class="publisher-loc" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">伦敦</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">:</span></span><span class="publisher-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">企鹅经典</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></i><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="publisher-loc" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="publisher-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></p><ul class="citationActions" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; list-style: none; margin: 4px 16px 0px 32px; padding: 0px;"><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="googleScholar c-Button--link" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Complete+Works+of+Primo+Levi&author=P.+Levi&publication_year=2015" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="在 Google Scholar 中搜索此引文。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">搜索谷歌学术</span></a></li><li style="border-right: none; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 0px;"><a class="exportCitation c-Button--link" href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/exportcitation/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml?cid=bib13&nojs=true" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" title="导出此引文"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">出口引证</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 24px;"><div class="reference" id="bib14" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p class="citationText text-body1" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 4px;"><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="surname" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">麦基弗</span></span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">,</span></span></span><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">德国之声</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">2016</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">美国的哀悼:种族和损失的政治</span></span></i><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span class="publisher-loc" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">纽约州伊萨卡</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">:</span></span><span class="publisher-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">康奈尔大学出版社</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></i><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="publisher-loc" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="publisher-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></p><ul class="citationActions" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; list-style: none; margin: 4px 16px 0px 32px; padding: 0px;"><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="googleScholar c-Button--link" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Mourning+in+America%3A+Race+and+the+Politics+of+Loss&author=D.+W.+McIvor&publication_year=2016" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="在 Google Scholar 中搜索此引文。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">搜索谷歌学术</span></a></li><li style="border-right: none; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 0px;"><a class="exportCitation c-Button--link" href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/exportcitation/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml?cid=bib14&nojs=true" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" title="导出此引文"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">出口引证</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 24px;"><div class="reference" id="bib15" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p class="citationText text-body1" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 4px;"><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="surname" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">米哈伊</span></span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">,</span></span></span><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">M.2019a</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">_ </span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">《</span></span><span class="article-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">政治记忆的“事务”</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">》,</span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">Angelaki</span></span></i><span class="volume" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">24</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">(</span></span><span class="issue" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">4</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">):</span></span><span class="fpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">52</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">–</span></span><span class="lpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">69</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">https://doi.org/10.1080/0969725X.2019.1635825</span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="article-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></i><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="volume" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="issue" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="fpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="lpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></p><ul class="citationActions" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; list-style: none; margin: 4px 16px 0px 32px; padding: 0px;"><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="doi" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/0969725X.2019.1635825" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="通过 CrossRef DOI 导航到此内容。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">交叉引用</span></a></li><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="googleScholar c-Button--link" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+%E2%80%9CAffairs%E2%80%9D+of+Political+Memory&author=M.+Mihai&publication_year=2019&journal=Angelaki&volume=24&issue=4&pages=52-69" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="在 Google Scholar 中搜索此引文。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">搜索谷歌学术</span></a></li><li style="border-right: none; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 0px;"><a class="exportCitation c-Button--link" href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/exportcitation/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml?cid=bib15&nojs=true" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" title="导出此引文"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">出口引证</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 24px;"><div class="reference" id="bib16" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p class="citationText text-body1" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 4px;"><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="surname" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">米哈伊</span></span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">,</span></span></span><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">M.</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"> 2019</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">年 </span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">“</span></span><span class="article-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">理解共谋:记忆、希望和想象力</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">”,</span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">社会</span></span><span class="lpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">和</span></span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">政治哲学批判评论》</span></span></i><span class="volume" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">22</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">(</span></span><span class="issue" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">5</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">):</span></span><span class="fpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">504-22</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2019.1565692</span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="article-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></i><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="volume" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="issue" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="fpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="lpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></p><ul class="citationActions" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; list-style: none; margin: 4px 16px 0px 32px; padding: 0px;"><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="doi" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2019.1565692" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="通过 CrossRef DOI 导航到此内容。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">交叉引用</span></a></li><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="googleScholar c-Button--link" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Understanding+Complicity%3A+Memory%2C+Hope+and+the+Imagination&author=M.+Mihai&publication_year=2019&journal=Critical+Review+of+International+Social+and+Political+Philosophy&volume=22&issue=5&pages=504-22" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="在 Google Scholar 中搜索此引文。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">搜索谷歌学术</span></a></li><li style="border-right: none; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 0px;"><a class="exportCitation c-Button--link" href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/exportcitation/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml?cid=bib16&nojs=true" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" title="导出此引文"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">出口引证</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 24px;"><div class="reference" id="bib17" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p class="citationText text-body1" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 4px;"><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="surname" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">米哈伊</span></span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">,</span></span></span><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">M.2020</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">_ </span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">“</span></span><span class="article-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">英雄的沉默:脆弱性、共谋性、矛盾性</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">”,</span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">《国际社会和政治哲学批判评论》</span></span></i><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">,在线出版:</span></span><span class="month" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">7 月</span></span></span><span class="day" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">21 日</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">,</span></span><span class="fpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">1</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">–</span></span><span class="lpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">22 日</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2020.1796332</span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="article-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></i><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="day" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="month" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="fpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="lpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></p><ul class="citationActions" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; list-style: none; margin: 4px 16px 0px 32px; padding: 0px;"><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="googleScholar c-Button--link" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Hero%27s+Silences%3A+Vulnerability%2C+Complicity%2C+Ambivalence&author=M.+Mihai&publication_year=2020&journal=Critical+Review+of+International+Social+and+Political+Philosophy&pages=1-22" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="在 Google Scholar 中搜索此引文。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">搜索谷歌学术</span></a></li><li style="border-right: none; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 0px;"><a class="exportCitation c-Button--link" href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/exportcitation/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml?cid=bib17&nojs=true" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" title="导出此引文"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">出口引证</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 24px;"><div class="reference" id="bib18" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p class="citationText text-body1" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 4px;"><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="surname" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">姆罗夫</span></span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></span></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">列</span></span><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">,</span></span></span></span><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">M.2017</span></span></span></span></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">“</span></span><span class="article-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">判断暴力抵抗:加缪的艺术敏感性和反叛的灰色地带</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">”,</span></span><span class="lpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">法律</span></span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">、文化和人文</span></span></i><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">在线出版:</span></span><span class="month" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">7月</span></span></span><span class="day" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">14</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">日</span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">,</span></span><span class="fpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">1-20</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">https://doi.org/10.1177/1743872117721421</span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="article-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></i><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="day" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="month" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="fpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="lpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></p><ul class="citationActions" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; list-style: none; margin: 4px 16px 0px 32px; padding: 0px;"><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="googleScholar c-Button--link" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Judging+Violent+Resistances%3A+Camus%27s+Artistic+Sensibility+and+the+Grey+Zone+of+Rebellion&author=M.+Mrovlje&publication_year=2017&journal=Law%2C+Culture+and+the+Humanities&pages=1-20" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="在 Google Scholar 中搜索此引文。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">搜索谷歌学术</span></a></li><li style="border-right: none; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 0px;"><a class="exportCitation c-Button--link" href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/exportcitation/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml?cid=bib18&nojs=true" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" title="导出此引文"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">出口引证</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 24px;"><div class="reference" id="bib19" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p class="citationText text-body1" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 4px;"><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="surname" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">姆罗夫</span></span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></span></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">列</span></span><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">,</span></span></span></span><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">M.2020</span></span></span></span></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">“</span></span><span class="article-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">前抵抗战士失望的政治价值:面对建国的灰色地带</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">”,</span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">政治理论</span></span></i><span class="volume" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">48</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">(</span></span><span class="issue" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">3</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">):</span></span><span class="fpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">303</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">–</span></span><span class="lpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">29</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591719880626</span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="article-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></i><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="volume" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="issue" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="fpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="lpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></p><ul class="citationActions" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; list-style: none; margin: 4px 16px 0px 32px; padding: 0px;"><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="doi" href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591719880626" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="通过 CrossRef DOI 导航到此内容。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">交叉引用</span></a></li><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="googleScholar c-Button--link" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Political+Value+of+Disappointment+among+Ex-Resistance+Fighters%3A+Confronting+the+Grey+Zone+of+Founding&author=M.+Mrovlje&publication_year=2020&journal=Political+Theory&volume=48&issue=3&pages=303-29" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="在 Google Scholar 中搜索此引文。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">搜索谷歌学术</span></a></li><li style="border-right: none; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 0px;"><a class="exportCitation c-Button--link" href="https://www.berghahnjournals.com/exportcitation/journals/theoria/67/165/th6716501.xml?cid=bib19&nojs=true" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" title="导出此引文"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">出口引证</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 24px;"><div class="reference" id="bib20" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p class="citationText text-body1" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 4px;"><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="surname" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">泰勒</span></span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">,</span></span></span><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">M.2019</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">_ </span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">“</span></span><span class="article-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">凄凉的梦想,而不是噩梦:批判性的反乌托邦和忧郁希望的必要性</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">”,</span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">星座</span></span></i><span class="volume" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">26</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">(</span></span><span class="issue" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">4</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">):</span></span><span class="fpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">607</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">–</span></span><span class="lpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">22</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.12401</span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="article-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></i><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="volume" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="issue" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="fpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="lpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></p><ul class="citationActions" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; list-style: none; margin: 4px 16px 0px 32px; padding: 0px;"><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="doi" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.12401" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #910f16; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: unset;" target="_blank" title="通过 CrossRef DOI 导航到此内容。 打开一个新的浏览器窗口。"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">交叉引用</span></a></li><li style="border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px;"><a class="googleScholar c-Button--link" 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style="box-sizing: inherit;">出口引证</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 24px;"><div class="reference" id="bib21" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p class="citationText text-body1" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 4px;"><span class="person-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="surname" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">Vinthagen</span></span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"> , </span></span></span><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">S.</span></span></span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">和</span></span></span><span class="string-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">A. </span></span></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="surname" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">Johansson</span></span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"> </span><span class="surname" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;">。</span><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;">2013年</span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">”</span></span></span><span class="article-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;">“日常抵抗:“概念及其理论的探索</span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;">”,</span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;">抵抗研究杂志</i><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="volume" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">1</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">:</span></span><span class="fpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">1</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">–</span></span><span class="lpage" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">46</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span><span class="volume" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: 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inherit;">,</span></span></span><span class="given-names" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">JR</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="year" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"> 2016</span></span></span><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><i style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">披着黑色的希望:种族、忧郁和进步的痛苦</span></span></i><span class="text-node" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><span 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border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: solid; font-family: 宋体, PMingLiU, 新細明體, SimSun, sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; width: 668px;" /><div class="article" style="background-color: white; float: left; font-family: 宋体, PMingLiU, 新細明體, SimSun, sans-serif; height: auto !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div 0="" 0px="" 5px="" class="article_left" margin:="" style="height: 1px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; width: 1px;"><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><button style="background-color: white; border-color: rgb(187, 103, 61); border-radius: 5px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; box-shadow: none; color: #664433; cursor: pointer; font-family: 宋体, PMingLiU, 新細明體, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none; overflow: visible; padding: 2px 8px;">标 签 :</button><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span class="button" 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color: white; height: 337px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: top; width: 600px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />安保人员在天安门广场巡逻(图片来源:Lintao Zhang/Getty Images)<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> </p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify; width: 668px;">【看中国2023年2月12日讯】<span style="font-size: 19px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">中共</span>政权是名符其实的<span style="font-size: 19px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="https://www.secretchina.com/news/gb/tag/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8C%AA%E6%94%BF%E6%9D%83" style="color: #bb673d; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">土匪政权</a></span>。铁的事实是:当今的中共政权是中共武装推翻当年民国政府的结果,而<span style="font-size: 19px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">中华民国政府</span>是当时代表中国的唯一合法政府,领导中国人民进行了艰苦卓绝的抗日战争,为世界反法西斯战争做出了巨大贡献。中华民国是联合国的创始成员国且是五常之一,这就足以证明中华民国政权的合法性。尽管中华民国已于1971年退出联合国,但联合国宪章中代表中国的创始成员国依旧是中华民国而非所谓的中华人民共和国,这一事实永远没法改变,因为在联合国创立之时,所谓的中华人民共和国根本就不存在!中共在苏俄的扶植下用暴力推翻了中华民国在大陆的政权,这本身就是穷凶极恶的犯罪行为。</p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify; width: 668px;">中国人若认同中共用枪杆子强夺来的政权合法,就等于说,用枪杆抢劫、杀人、强奸也都属合法行为!同时,若当今的中共政权能容忍反共势力在中国大陆境内武装割据且成立一个与中共分庭抗礼的政权,那么,中共政权才具有合法性。既然当年中共能够在中华民国境内武装割据,现在,中共政权有什么理由不容反共势力在中国大陆境内武装割据?!</p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify; width: 668px;">有鉴于此,只能将<a href="https://www.secretchina.com/news/gb/tag/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1" style="color: #bb673d; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">中共</a>政权定性为一个土匪政权,否则,这世上就没了天理。试问,你的别墅是你的合法资产,一群暴徒持枪将你赶出且霸占了你的别墅。请问,你应该怎么称呼这群暴徒呢?任何良知未泯的人都只会称这群暴徒为土匪。既然持枪抢劫合法资产的暴徒是土匪,那么,用枪杆子抢夺合法政权的中共就是世界上最大的土匪,中共靠暴力抢夺得来的政权就是不折不扣的土匪政权。只有弄清了中共政权的本质,才能理解在中共统治之下的中国大陆所发生种种反常且变态的事情!</p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify; width: 668px;">土匪有两大特征,缺一不可。第一,就是罔顾天理、法律、规则,试问,遵纪守法的人怎会去抢银行?在土匪心里,法律、规则、天理是一文不值的;第二,暴力抢夺。如果一个人只是在心里罔顾天理和法律而没有实施暴力抢夺,则不能称之为土匪。这也是深植土匪内心的思维方式:凡事不必遵循天理、法律、规则,只要抢到手就可拥有。要正确理解中共建立政权之后的所作所为,绝对不能依照正常人的思维逻辑,只能依照土匪的思维逻辑。</p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify; width: 668px;">很简单,要理解土匪的行为就必须站在土匪的角度来思考和看问题,毕竟土匪和遵纪守法的人是完全不同的两类人。当然,要理解猪和牲口,也得站在猪和牲口的角度思考和看问题。中共既然是人类历史上最丧心病狂的土匪,那么中共的恶行自然也是土匪思维逻辑支配下的产物。</p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify; width: 668px;">中共建政后所做的任何事情都带有明显的土匪特征,从毛泽东的一系列政治运动到<a href="https://www.secretchina.com/news/gb/tag/%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3" style="color: #bb673d; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">习近平</a>的一大堆倒行逆施举措,无不将土匪的本性表现得淋漓尽致。因此,毛病不改、积恶成习是建立在坚实事实基础上的政治共识。毛泽东的土匪行径罄竹难书,已成历史事实,在此就不细表。现在就只谈习近平第三次连任中共皇帝后的两件大事,从而证明,江山易改、本性难移。土匪终究是土匪,若奢望土匪回归成正常人类,无异于痴人说梦。</p><h2 style="float: none; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">第一件大事,中国气球飘入美国事件</span></h2><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify; width: 668px;">中共外交部说,该气球是中国民间研究者用来探测气象的,飘入美国纯属意外。事实是,在中国没有一家民间机构有这种能力,即便有,也是受中国<a href="https://www.secretchina.com/news/gb/tag/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" style="color: #bb673d; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">政府</a>控制的民间机构,华为不也是一家民间机构吗?不管是民间机构还是国家机构,一个巨大的气球飘入他国领空,这本身就是侵略行为,严重违反国际法。但是,中共是土匪,哪会把国际法当回事?只有正常的国家才会遵守国际法和国际惯例,而对于土匪政权,国际法是不适用的。中共与英国政府签订的联合声明已经成为过时文件,中国自2001年加入世界贸易组织,没有一天履行过它的承诺。所以,共匪从来不会讲法律、规则和道理,一向都是无法无天,无论是对外还是对内,只要对中共有利,中共都是想怎么干就怎么干!</p><h2 style="float: none; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">第二件大事,胡鑫宇案件</span></h2><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify; width: 668px;">胡鑫宇是江西铅山县致远中学一名十五岁的男学生,失踪106天后被发现用一根鞋带挂在离致远中学几百米处的树林里,中国公安部门宣布胡鑫宇死于自缢。官方的结论由于严重不符合事实,违反日常生活逻辑,未能令公众信服,因而舆论哗然。公众要求官方给予有理有据且符合事实的结论,只可惜,<a href="https://www.secretchina.com/news/gb/tag/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" style="color: #bb673d; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">中国大陆</a>的老百姓哪里知道,无论民意多么汹汹,只要与官方口径不符就是谣言,轻则被请去喝茶,重则被抓进监狱。中国大陆的老百姓更不会知道,土匪岂会尊重民意。当民意遭遇土匪,只能被强奸。土匪强奸妇女时用手捂住女人的口是怕罪恶败露,而今中共用枪杆子封住十四亿中国人的口同样也是担心罪恶败露。但是,全世界都知道中共在强奸民意,因为中共强行剥夺中国人的话语权。</p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify; width: 668px;">中共建政七十多年,一直到今天,民意一直都被强奸:中共说粮食亩产三十万斤,谁敢质疑?习近平要修改宪法以谋求终身当皇帝,台下二千多个代表谁敢投反对票?中共说中共抗击新冠疫情全世界最成功,谁敢提出异议?……在土匪政权那里,对于任何事情,都必须以土匪说的为准,不管土匪的说法多么荒唐,多么不合逻辑,中共都毫不在乎。中共是土匪,土匪会怕谁?因为土匪总是无所顾忌的,有顾忌就不会做土匪了。这,就是土匪一贯的做派!什么法律,逻辑,道理,常识,在土匪眼里纯属扯淡。共匪之所以敢强奸民意,只因一点:共匪用枪指着中国百姓的头!</p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><center style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div data-google-query-id="CN64rtLWkP0CFXfP_QUdwysCAA" id="div-gpt-ad-1589559869784-0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div id="google_ads_iframe_/113758970/211-tct-mid-2020_0__container__" style="border: 0pt none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></div></div></center></div><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify; width: 668px;">自中共统治中国大陆以来,就用枪杆子封住了中国人民的口,中国人因此也就完全失去了言论自由,中国大陆只有一个声音,就是土匪的声音;反观民国政府,人民享有言论自由,任何人都可以办报纸,任何人都可以批评总统,任何人都可以成立政党,任何人都可以组织集会……这样的社会才是正常的社会,因为符合天理:多样化。一个连人民话的语权都要剥夺的政府不是土匪政府,那是什么政府?这样的政府合法,还有什么是不合法的?在土匪政府的统治下,中国人绝对不能过正常人的生活,中国大陆社会因此也沦为为一个变态的社会,因为不符合天理,它是单一化的!</p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><center style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div id="div-gpt-ad-1589559869784-0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></center></div><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify; width: 668px;">由此看来,中国人要过上正常的生活,中国要成为一个正常的国家,首先得解决匪患。否则,只有永远被土匪奴役。既然土匪是因为拥有暴力工具才无恶不作,那么,解决匪患也只有针对性地使用暴力,即,对那些为祸百姓的官员使用暴力。因为只有炸弹才能教土匪听人话,其余的手段似乎均不奏效!</p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><center style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div id="div-gpt-ad-1589559869784-0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></center></div>(文章仅代表作者个人立场和观点)<p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify; width: 668px;">来源:<a href="https://cn.secretchina.com/news/gb/tag/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E6%98%A5" style="color: #bb673d; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">北京之春</a></p></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-355387667287819559.post-91803222435130847012023-02-11T10:20:00.002+08:002023-02-11T10:20:12.732+08:00 新加坡心臟病死亡人數的大幅上升指向潛在的疫苗原因<p> <a class="Fm27hf Zqbd4d" href="https://autumnson-nwo.blogspot.com/2023/02/blog-post_48.html" jslog="28421; track:click" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: white; color: #263238; display: inline !important; font-family: Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 16px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">新加坡心臟病死亡人數的大幅上升指向潛在的疫苗原因</a></p><div class="evSIfd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; align-items: center; background-color: white; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); display: flex; flex: 1 1 auto; font-family: Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><div class="OAeRKb x7WWH" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(223, 225, 229); display: flex; flex: 0 0 104px; height: 96px; margin-right: 16px;"><img aria-label="閱讀清單圖片" class="OlNqv" data-iml="2958954.0999999978" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2ay8KpyCohWdqUJ6qYCVCHu5ebAkfrFUoAb_hwg-BNu-R7HWw6heMsd55tWgxz95bMo_ol1Rtg_uAJmcnPCxxkHpe4hn_Q35dt2b69enmKO6374LmQVpHWKLyEAh3IKUekndNJUIRFt5_ndFZsL0qzfZLiNDNrsX6d5RrX0T784TTuH-rCUlSQv5pkQ/s104/Screenshot_20230210_213509_Samsung%20Internet~2.jpg" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border-radius: 4px; border: none; margin: auto; max-height: 96px; width: 104px;" /></div><div class="UHwcef Dqj6x" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: #37474f; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 21px; word-break: break-word;">新加坡心臟病死亡人數的大幅上升指向潛在的疫苗原因 新加坡的政府報告宣稱躍升的超額死亡人數只出現在感染新冠病毒後的人中:“在對近期沒有感染的人進行的二次分析,沒有發現額外的超額死亡” 鑑於 2020 年新加坡的 Covid 感染人數較少,而且 2021年 9月之前幾乎沒有新冠病毒感染,因此很難將這一結論與心血管死亡人數的大幅增加相調和 因此,仍有兩個懸而未決的問題:疫苗接種對超額心血管死亡有何角色(如果有的話)? 什麼時候會有全面、獨立和透明的調查? 題材廣泛有真有假,貼文是讓閣下知道世界上有此一事發生,祇可作參考但不應盡信,搜索更多證據才是皇道。 <a aria-label="文章完整內容連結" class="w9Mvpd WiC6jc O3LMFb" href="https://autumnson-nwo.blogspot.com/2023/02/blog-post_48.html" jslog="28421; track:click" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: #00838f; line-height: 21px; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: nowrap;" target="_blank">閱讀完整內容</a></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-355387667287819559.post-15299236435682417322023-02-04T16:31:00.002+08:002023-02-04T16:31:26.187+08:00可持续发展企业或绿色企业<p> <b style="color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">可持续发展企业</b><span style="color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">或绿色</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">企业是对全球或当地</span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environment" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #3366cc; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="自然环境">环境</a><span style="color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: inherit;">、</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #3366cc; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="社区">社区</a><span style="color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: inherit;">、社会或经济产生最小负面影响或潜在积极影响的</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #3366cc; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="商业">企业</a><span style="color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: inherit;">——努力实现</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_bottom_line" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #3366cc; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="三重底线">三重底线</a><span style="color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">的企业。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">它们聚集在不同的组别下,整体有时被称为“</span></span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_capitalism" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #3366cc; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="绿色资本主义">绿色资本主义</a><span style="color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: inherit;">”。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" style="color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[1]</a></sup><span style="color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: inherit;">通常,可持续发展的企业有进步的环境和</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #3366cc; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="人权">人权</a><span style="color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">政策。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">一般来说,</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">符合以下四个标准的</span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #3366cc; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="商业">企业被描述为绿色: </a><span style="color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: inherit;"></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Ecopreneur_2-0" style="color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Ecopreneur-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[2]</a></sup></p><ol style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style-image: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 3.2em; padding: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">它将可持续性原则纳入其每项</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="商业">业务</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">决策。</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">它提供</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmentally_friendly" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="环保">环保</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">产品或服务,取代对非绿色产品和/或服务的需求。</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">它比传统竞争更环保。</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">它在其业务运营中对环境原则做出了持久承诺。</span></li></ol><h2 style="background-color: white; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Terminology">术语</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 0; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; user-select: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-right: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">[</span></span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=1" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="编辑部分:术语"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">编辑</span></span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-left: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">]</span></span></span></span></h2><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">可持续发展企业是指参与</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmentally_friendly" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="环保">环保</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">或绿色活动以确保所有流程、产品和制造活动充分解决当前环境问题同时保持利润的任何组织。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">换句话说,它是一种“既能满足当今[世界]的需求,又不会损害后代人满足其自身需求的能力”的企业。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Brundtland_3-0" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Brundtland-3" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[3] </a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-4" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[4]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">这是评估如何设计能够利用当前环境状况的产品以及公司产品在</span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_resources" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="再生资源">可再生资源</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">方面表现如何的过程。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Growing_5-0" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Growing-5" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[5]</a></sup></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"></span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brundtland_Report" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="布伦特兰报告">布伦特兰报告</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">强调,可持续性是人、地球和利润的三足凳</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Brundtland_3-1" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Brundtland-3" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[3]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">供应链的可持续企业试图通过三重底线概念来平衡这三者——利用可持续发展和</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_distribution" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="可持续分配">可持续分配</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">来影响环境、企业增长和</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="社会">社会</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-6" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[6] </a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-7" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[7]</a></sup></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">每个人都</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">以某种方式影响着市场和地球的</span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainability" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="可持续性">可持续性。</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">企业内部的可持续发展可以为客户、投资者和环境创造价值。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">可持续发展的企业必须满足客户需求,同时善待环境。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Painting_8-0" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Painting-8" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[8]</a></sup></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">要在这种方法中取得成功,利益相关者平衡和联合解决方案是关键,需要一种结构性方法。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">一种包含许多不同工具和方法的哲学是可持续企业卓越的概念。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-9" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[9]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">另一个是采用负责任的增长理念。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-10" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[10]</a></sup></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">可持续性经常与</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="企业社会责任">企业社会责任</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">(CSR) 相混淆,尽管两者并不相同。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Bansal 和 DesJardine(2014 年)指出,“时间”的概念将可持续性与企业社会责任和其他类似概念区分开来。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">尽管伦理、道德和规范渗透到企业社会责任中,但可持续性只要求企业进行跨期权衡以维护</span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergenerational_equity" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="代际公平">代际公平</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">短期主义是可持续性的祸根。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-11" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[11]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">虽然企业社会责任和可持续发展并不相同,但它们彼此相关。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">确定工资、实施新技术和淘汰旧工厂都会对公司的利益相关者和自然环境产生影响。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-12" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[12]</a></sup></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">绿色企业已被视为经济与环境关系的可能调解人,如果得到推广,将有助于使我们的经济多样化,即使它对降低大气中 CO </span><sub style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1;">2</sub><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">水平的影响可以忽略不计。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">“绿色工作”的定义含糊不清,但人们普遍认为,这些工作是绿色企业的结果,应该与“</span></span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_energy" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="清洁能源">清洁能源</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">”联系起来,并有助于减少温室气体排放。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">这些公司不仅可以被视为“绿色能源”的生产者,而且还可以被视为新“物质”的生产者,这些新“物质”是这些公司开发和部署的技术产品。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-13" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[13]</a></sup></p><h2 style="background-color: white; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Environmental_sphere">环境领域</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 0; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; user-select: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-right: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">[</span></span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=2" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="编辑部分:环境领域"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">编辑</span></span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-left: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">]</span></span></span></span></h2><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">可持续发展企业的一项主要举措是消除或减少其产品的生产和消费对环境造成的危害。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-14" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[14]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">此类人类活动在产生的温室气体数量方面的影响可以用二氧化碳为单位来衡量,被称为</span><i>碳足迹</i><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">碳足迹概念源自生态足迹分析,它检验支持产品消费所需的生态容量。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-15" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[15]</a></sup></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">企业采取了广泛的绿色举措。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">最常见的例子之一是“无纸化”或在可能的情况下发送电子信件代替纸张的行为。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Painting_8-1" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Painting-8" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[8]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">在更高的层面上,可持续商业实践的例子包括:</span><i>翻新用过的产品</i><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">(例如,调整轻度使用的商业健身设备以进行转售);</span><i>修改生产流程</i><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">以消除浪费(例如使用更准确的模板来裁剪设计),并选择无毒的原材料和流程。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">例如,加拿大农民发现大麻是传统</span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_rotation" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="轮作">作物轮作</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">中油菜籽的可持续替代品;</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">为纤维或种子而种植的大麻不需要杀虫剂或除草剂。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">另一个例子是</span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upcycling" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="升级再造">升级回收</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">衣服或纺织品,企业可以升级回收产品以保持或提高其质量。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-16" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[16]</a></sup></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">可持续发展的商业领袖也会考虑他们生产的产品的</span><i>生命周期成本</i><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">必须考虑法规、</span></span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_use" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="能源使用">能源使用</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">、储存和处置方面的投入成本。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Generating_17-0" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Generating-17" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[17]</a></sup> <i>为环境而设计</i> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_for_the_Environment" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="环保设计">DFE</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">也是可持续业务的一个要素。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">此过程使用户能够考虑产品的潜在环境影响以及用于制造该产品的过程。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Generating_17-1" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Generating-17" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[17]</a></sup></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">采用绿色实践的多种可能性导致消费者、员工、政府监管机构和其他利益相关者对公司施加了相当大的压力。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-18" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[18]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">一些公司诉诸</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwashing" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="漂绿">绿色清洗</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">而不是做出有意义的改变,只是以建议绿色实践的方式营销他们的产品。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">例如,竹纤维行业的多家生产商因宣传其产品比实际情况更“绿色”而被告上法庭。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-19" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[19]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">尽管如此,无数其他公司已经认真对待可持续发展趋势并正在享受利润。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">在他们的书“国际比较中的企业可持续性”中,Schaltegger 等人。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">(2014) 分析了 11 个国家的企业可持续发展管理和企业社会责任的现状。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">他们的研究基于一项广泛的调查,重点关注公司追求可持续发展管理的意图(即动机;问题)、组织中可持续发展的整合(即将可持续发展与核心业务联系起来;涉及公司职能;使用业务案例的驱动因素可持续性)和可持续性管理措施的实际实施(即利益相关者管理;可持续性管理工具和标准;测量)。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-20" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[20]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">理查德·塞雷尼 (Richard Seireeni) (2009) 撰写的</span><i>Gort Cloud</i><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">记录了美国可持续企业的经验,以及它们对庞大但无形的绿色社区(称为</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gort_cloud" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="戈特云">gort 云</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">)的依赖,以获得支持和市场。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">因此,绿色投资公司吸引了前所未有的兴趣。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">例如,在英国,</span></span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Investment_Bank" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="绿色投资银行">绿色投资银行</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">专门致力于支持国内可再生能源。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">然而,英国和整个欧洲在绿色发展方面落后于发展中国家设定的令人印象深刻的步伐。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-21" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[21]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">因此,绿色投资公司正在创造越来越多的机会来支持新兴经济体的可持续发展实践。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">通过提供</span></span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microlending" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="小额贷款">小额贷款</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">和更大的投资,这些公司帮助发展中国家的小企业主寻求商业教育、负担得起的贷款和新的“绿色”产品分销网络。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">企业为减少废物做出贡献的一个有效方法是对产品进行再制造,以便使用的材料具有更长的使用寿命。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-22" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[22]</a></sup></p><h3 style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Sustainable_Businesses">可持续企业</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal; line-height: 0; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; user-select: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-right: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">[</span></span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=3" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="编辑部分:可持续发展的企业"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">编辑</span></span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-left: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">]</span></span></span></span></h3><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">哈佛商学院商业历史学家</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Jones_(academic)" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="杰弗里·琼斯(学术)">Geoffrey Jones(学术)</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">将绿色商业的历史起源追溯到第一次世界大战前有机食品、风能和</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="太阳能">太阳能领域</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">的开创性初创企业。 </span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Jones2017_23-0" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Jones2017-23" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[23]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">在大公司中,</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="福特汽车公司">福特汽车公司</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">占据了在可持续发展的故事中扮演奇怪的角色。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">具有讽刺意味的是,创始人</span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="亨利·福特">亨利·福特</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">是可持续商业领域的先驱,他在 T 型车时代尝试使用植物燃料。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Painting_8-2" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Painting-8" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[8]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">福特汽车公司还装运了板条箱中的 A 型卡车,这些板条箱后来成为了汽车地板工厂目的地。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">这是一种</span></span><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upcycling" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="升级再造">升级回收的形式</a></i><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">,在闭环工业循环中保持高质量。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Generating_17-2" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Generating-17" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[17]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">此外,原来的汽车车身是由比钢更坚固的大麻复合材料制成的。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">当然,今天的福特汽车不是用大麻制成的,也不是使用最合理的燃料。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">目前,福特因使用 100% 后工业材料制成的</span></span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_claim" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="营销主张">座椅面料和可再生</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"></span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soy" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="大豆">大豆</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">泡沫座椅底座</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">而享有环保声誉。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">福特高管最近任命了该公司首位负责可持续发展、环境和安全工程的高级副总裁。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">该职位负责制定长期可持续发展战略和环境政策,开发满足客户和整个社会所需的产品和流程,同时努力实现</span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_independence" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="能源独立">能源独立</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">福特是否会回到其创始人的无石油汽车愿景,即一种由植物残骸提供动力的汽车,还有待观察。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Growing_5-1" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Growing-5" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[5]</a></sup></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">汽车制造商</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subaru" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="斯巴鲁">斯巴鲁</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">也在努力解决可持续性问题。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">2008 年,位于拉斐特的斯巴鲁装配厂成为第一家实现</span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_waste" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="零浪费">零垃圾填埋</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">状态的汽车制造商,该工厂实施了可持续发展政策。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">公司成功地实施了一项将垃圾回收率提高到 99.8% 的计划。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-24" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[24]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> 2012 年,该公司将聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料的再利用提高了 9%。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">2008年至2012年,环境事故从18起减少到4起。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-25" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[25]</a></sup></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature%27s_Path" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="自然之路">Nature's Path</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">等规模较小的公司</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">,一家有机谷物和零食制造企业,也在 21 世纪取得了可持续发展的成果。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">CEO </span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arran_Stephens" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="艾伦斯蒂芬斯">Arran Stephens</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">和他的同事确保这家快速发展的公司的产品在生产时不含有毒的</span><a class="new" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Farm_chemicals&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background: none; color: #dd3333; text-decoration-line: none;" title="农用化学品(页面不存在)">农用化学品</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">此外,鼓励员工寻找减少消耗的方法。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">可持续性是企业讨论的重要组成部分。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-26" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[26]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">另一个例子来自</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_Spring_Coffee" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="盐泉咖啡">Salt Spring Coffee</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">,这是一家成立于 1996 年的公司,是一家</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">经过</span></span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certified_organic" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="有机认证">认证的有机</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_trade" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="公平贸易">公平贸易</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">咖啡生产商。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-27" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[27]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">近年来,他们已实现</span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_neutral" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="碳中和">碳中和</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">,通过减少长途卡车运输和</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">在送货卡车中使用</span></span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-diesel" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="生物柴油">生物柴油来降低排放, </a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-28" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[28]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">升级到节能设备和购买</span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_offsets" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="碳补偿">碳抵消</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">该公司声称提供在加拿大销售的第一款碳中和咖啡。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mainstream_29-0" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-mainstream-29" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[29]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> Salt Spring Coffee在 2010 年的报告</span><i><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">《在新气候下做生意》中获得了</span></i></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Suzuki_Foundation" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="大卫铃木基金会">大卫铃木基金会</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">的认可</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-30" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="pointer-events: none; vertical-align: inherit;">[30]</span></a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">第三个例子来自韩国,韩国使用稻壳作为立体声元件和其他电子产品的无毒包装。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">同样的材料后来被回收来制造砖块。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Generating_17-3" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Generating-17" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="pointer-events: none; vertical-align: inherit;">[17]</span></a></sup></span><i><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"></span></i><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-30" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="pointer-events: none; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Generating_17-3" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Generating-17" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="pointer-events: none; vertical-align: inherit;"></span></a></sup></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_industry" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="纺织工业">纺织行业</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">的一些公司</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">一直在朝着更可持续的商业实践迈进。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">具体来说,服装公司</span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patagonia" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="巴塔哥尼亚">Patagonia</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">一直致力于减少消耗和浪费。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">该公司通过确保只使用回收和有机材料、修复损坏的衣服以及在整个供应链中遵守严格的环保标准来限制其对环境的影响。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-31" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[31]</a></sup></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="矿业">采矿业</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">,特别是</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_mining" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="黄金开采">金矿业</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">的一些公司</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">正试图转向更可持续的做法,特别是考虑到该行业是对环境最具破坏性的行业之一。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-32" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[32]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">事实上,关于金矿开采,</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_University" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="西北大学">西北大学</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">的科学家们在实验室中发现了一种廉价且环境可持续的方法,该方法使用简单的</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_starch" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="玉米淀粉">玉米淀粉</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">(而不是</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="氰化物">氰化物</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">)以选择性的方式从原材料中分离出黄金。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-33" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[33]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">这种方法将减少从</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ore" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="矿石"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">原矿</span></a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">提金过程中释放到环境中的</span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="氰化物">氰化物</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">量,其中一种</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ore" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="矿石"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"></span></a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_University" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="西北大学">西北大学</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">的科学家 Fraser Stoddart 爵士表示:“从黄金行业中消除氰化物对环境至关重要。” </span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-34" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-34" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[34]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">此外,零售珠宝行业现在正在努力提高可持续性,公司使用绿色能源供应商和</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recycling" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="回收">回收</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">更多,</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-35" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[35]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">以及通过对零件应用重新加工方法并转售它们来防止使用所谓的“原始黄金”。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-36" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-36" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[36]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">此外,客户可以选择</span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairtrade_Labelling_Organizations_International" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="国际公平贸易标签组织">公平贸易</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">黄金,</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-37" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[ 37]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">这为小规模和</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artisanal_mining" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="手工采矿">手工</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">采矿者提供了更好的交易,并且是可持续业务的一个要素。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-38" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[38]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">然而,并不是所有人都认为采矿可以可持续,还需要做更多的工作,并指出采矿总体上需要更多的区域和国际立法和监管,鉴于采矿对地球和人类的巨大影响,这是一个有效的观点大量全部或部分由</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="矿业">采矿</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">材料制成的产品和货物。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-39" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[39]</a></sup></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">在奢侈品领域,开云集团于2012年开发了“环境损益表”(EP&L)核算方法来跟踪其可持续发展目标的进展情况,这一战略与联合国可持续发展目标保持一致。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-40" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-40" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[40]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> 2019 年,应埃马纽埃尔·马克龙总统的要求,奢侈品集团开云集团董事长兼首席执行官弗朗索瓦·亨利·皮诺特在峰会期间介绍了《时尚公约》,该公约由 32 家时装公司签署,承诺采取具体措施减少他们对环境的影响。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">到 2020 年,60 家公司加入了《时尚公约》。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-41" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-41" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[41]</a></sup></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">公平贸易是可持续商业的一种形式,也是 CSR(企业社会责任)的最高形式之一。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">参与公平贸易的组织通常遵守世界公平贸易组织 (WFTO) 的十项原则。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">此外,公平贸易促进发展中国家社区的创业发展,并鼓励社区通过市场参与对其经济发展负责。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">公平贸易是一种营销形式,在经济供应链之外具有强大而直接的社会效益。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-42" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-42" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[42]</a></sup></p><h2 style="background-color: white; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Social_sphere">社会领域</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 0; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; user-select: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-right: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">[</span></span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=4" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="编辑部分:社交领域"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">编辑</span></span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-left: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">]</span></span></span></span></h2><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">回馈社区的组织,无论是通过员工志愿服务还是通过慈善捐赠,通常被认为</span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socially_sustainable" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="社会可持续发展">具有社会可持续性</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">组织还可以通过培训员工和为社区的年轻成员提供实习机会来鼓励社区教育。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">诸如此类的做法提高了社区的教育水平和生活质量。</span></span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">企业要真正实现可持续发展,不仅必须维持必要的环境资源,还必须维持社会资源——包括员工、客户(社区)及其声誉。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-43" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-43" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[43]</a></sup></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">与可持续性的社会方面直接相关的一个术语是</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_justice" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="环境正义">环境正义</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">可持续性和社会正义彼此直接相关,将这些视为独立的无关问题可能会给环境和潜在的企业带来更多问题。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-44" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[44]</a></sup></p><h2 style="background-color: white; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Consumers_and_Marketing">消费者与营销</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 0; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; user-select: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-right: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">[</span></span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=5" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="编辑部分:消费者和营销"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">编辑</span></span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-left: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">]</span></span></span></span></h2><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">当人们选择购买商品或服务时,他们会关心一家公司代表什么。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">这包括过去在商业中似乎并不重要的社会和环境方面。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">如今的消费者需要更可持续的商品和服务。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:0_45-0" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-:0-45" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[45]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">由于这种需求,公司必须关注其对</span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="对环境造成的影响">环境的影响</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">以获得</span><a class="new" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Consumer_loyalty&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background: none; color: #dd3333; text-decoration-line: none;" title="消费者忠诚度(页面不存在)">消费者忠诚度</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:0_45-1" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-:0-45" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[45]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">由于生态意识可以被视为个人品味的选择而不是必需品,因此从营销的角度来看,它可以成为一种尝试增加资本的方法。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-46" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[46]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">在营销产品或服务时,重要的是企业实际遵循环境</span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_claim" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="营销主张">声明</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">,而不仅仅是假装是为了获得客户。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">虚假广告会导致消费者之间的不信任,并最终可能导致公司倒闭。</span></span></p><h3 style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Greenwashing">漂绿</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal; line-height: 0; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; user-select: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-right: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">[</span></span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=6" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="编辑部分:Greenwashing"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">编辑</span></span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-left: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">]</span></span></span></span></h3><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">随着可持续发展理念在过去十年中变得越来越普遍,企业必须了解相关法律及其潜在的法律影响。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">联邦</span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="联邦贸易委员会">贸易委员会</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">(FTC) 的</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_guides" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="绿色指南">绿色指南</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">本质上是企业如何避免用虚假广告欺骗消费者的规则手册。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">当公司对他们销售的产品或服务做出模糊或虚假的环境</span></span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_claim" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="营销主张">声明</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">时,这通常会成为一个问题。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">发生这种情况时,可以称为“</span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwashing" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="漂绿">漂绿</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">”。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">漂绿也可以描述为过分夸大产品对环境的有益影响的行为。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:1_47-0" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-:1-47" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[47]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">如果公司不遵循本指南,他们可能会受到法律后果的约束。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">对绿色企业来说,投资于能够理解 FTC 指南并提供建议的经验丰富的法律从业者也很重要。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:1_47-1" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-:1-47" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[47]</a></sup></p><h2 style="background-color: white; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Organizations">组织</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 0; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; user-select: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-right: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">[</span></span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=7" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="编辑部分:组织"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">编辑</span></span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-left: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">]</span></span></span></span></h2><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">欧洲共同体</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction_of_Hazardous_Substances_Directive" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="有害物质限制指令">的有害物质限制指令</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">限制在各种电子和电气产品的生产中使用某些有害物质。</span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_Electrical_and_Electronic_Equipment" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="废弃电子电器设备">废弃电子电气设备</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">( </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WEEE" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="WEEE">WEEE</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> ) 指令提供了电子产品的收集、回收和回收实践。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Painting_8-3" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Painting-8" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[8]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> 世界</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Business_Council_for_Sustainable_Development" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="世界可持续发展工商理事会">可持续发展工商理事会</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">和</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Resources_Institute" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="世界资源研究所">世界资源研究所</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">是两个组织,它们共同致力于制定企业</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_footprint" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="碳足迹">碳足迹</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">报告标准。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Painting_8-4" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Painting-8" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[8]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companies_Act_2006" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="2006年公司法">从 2013 年 10 月起,根据2006 年公司法</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">(战略和董事报告)条例</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> 2013,所有英国上市公司都必须在其董事报告中报告其年度温室气体排放量。 </span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-48" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-48" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[48] </a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-49" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-49" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[49]</a></sup></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lester_Brown" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="莱斯特·布朗">Lester Brown</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">的</span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_B_2.0" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="B计划2.0">Plan B 2.0</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">和</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter_Lovins" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="猎人洛文斯">Hunter Lovins</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">的</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_Capitalism" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="自然资本主义">Natural Capitalism</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">提供了有关可持续发展计划的信息。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-50" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-50" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[50]</a></sup></p><h2 style="background-color: white; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Corporate_sustainability_strategies">企业可持续发展战略</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 0; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; user-select: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-right: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">[</span></span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=8" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="编辑部分:企业可持续发展战略"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">编辑</span></span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-left: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">]</span></span></span></span></h2><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_sustainability" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="企业可持续发展">企业可持续发展</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">战略旨在利用可持续的收入机会,同时保护企业价值免受</span><a class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_costs" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="能源成本">能源成本</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">增加、满足监管要求的成本、客户对品牌和产品的看法变化以及资源价格波动的影响。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">并非所有生态战略都可以立即纳入公司的生态投资组合。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">广泛实施的策略包括:创新、协作、流程改进和可持续性报告。</span></span></p><ol style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style-image: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 3.2em; padding: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">创新与技术:这种可持续企业实践的内向方法侧重于公司改变其产品和服务以减少废物产生的能力。</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">协作:与类似或合作伙伴公司建立网络有助于知识共享并推动创新。</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">流程改进:持续的流程调查和改进对于减少浪费至关重要。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">员工对全公司可持续发展计划的认识进一步有助于整合新的和改进的流程。</span></span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">可持续发展报告:定期报告与目标相关的公司绩效。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">这些目标通常被纳入企业使命(例如福特汽车公司)。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-[15]_51-0" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-[15]-51" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[51]</a></sup></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">绿色供应链:可持续采购对于任何可持续发展战略都很重要,因为公司对环境的影响远大于他们消费的产品。</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_Corporation_(certification)" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="B公司(认证)">B Corporation(认证)</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">模型是鼓励公司专注于此的</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">一个很好的例子。</span></span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">选择合适的领导者:在可持续发展方面对 CEO 进行教育和推动,指导公司采取正确的步骤实现环保。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">随着世界正在慢慢过渡到可持续发展,我们公司的领导者必须确定优先次序并有紧迫感。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-52" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-52" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[52]</a></sup></li></ol><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">此外,公司可能会考虑实施具有调整程序的完善的衡量和管理系统,以及为所有利益相关者提供讨论可持续性问题的定期论坛。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-53" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-53" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[53]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">可持续发展平衡计分卡是一种绩效衡量和管理系统,旨在平衡财务和非财务以及短期和长期措施。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">它明确地将战略相关的环境、社会和道德目标整合到整体绩效管理系统中</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-54" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-54" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[54]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">,并支持战略可持续性管理。</span></p><h2 style="background-color: white; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Standards">标准</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 0; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; user-select: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-right: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">[</span></span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=9" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="编辑部分:标准"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">编辑</span></span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-left: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">]</span></span></span></span></h2><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">二十世纪下半叶全球经济和人口的巨大增长加剧了威胁健康和世界的因素——</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_depletion" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="臭氧耗竭">臭氧消耗</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">、</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="气候变化">气候变化</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">、</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_depletion" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="资源枯竭">资源枯竭</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">、自然资源污染以及生物多样性和</span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat_loss" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="栖息地的丧失"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">栖息地</span></a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">的广泛</span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity_loss" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="生物多样性丧失">丧失</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">过去,解决企业和行业产生的环境问题的标准方法是监管驱动的“末端”补救措施。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">在 1990 年代,政府、</span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngo" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="恩戈"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">非</span></a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">政府组织、公司和投资者的努力开始增加,以提高对商业可持续性投资的认识和计划。</span></span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat_loss" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="栖息地的丧失"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"></span></a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"></span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngo" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="恩戈"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"></span></a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"></span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">一个重要的里程碑是</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14000" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="ISO 14000">ISO 14000</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">标准的制定,其发展是</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">1992 年举行的</span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Summit" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="地球峰会">里约环境峰会的结果</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"></span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14001" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="国际标准化组织 14001">。ISO 14001</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">是 ISO 14000 系列标准的基石。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">它指定了环境管理系统的控制框架,组织可以根据该框架由第三方进行认证。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">其他 ISO 14000 系列标准实际上是指南,其中许多可以帮助您注册 ISO 14001。它们包括以下内容:</span></span></p><ul style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style-image: url("/w/skins/Vector/resources/common/images/bullet-icon.svg?d4515"); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">ISO 14004 为环境管理体系的开发和实施提供指导</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">ISO 14010 提供了环境审核的一般原则(现已被 ISO 19011 取代)</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">ISO 14011 提供了审核环境管理体系的具体指南(现已被 ISO 19011 取代)</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">ISO 14012 为环境审核员和主任审核员提供资格标准指南(现已被 ISO 19011 取代)</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">ISO 14013/5 提供审核方案审查和评估材料。</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">ISO 14020+ 标签问题</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">ISO 14030+ 为环境管理体系内的绩效目标和监控提供指导</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">ISO 14040+ 涵盖生命周期问题</span></li></ul><h2 style="background-color: white; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Circular_business_models">循环商业模式</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 0; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; user-select: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-right: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">[</span></span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=10" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="编辑部分:循环商业模式"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">编辑</span></span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-left: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">]</span></span></span></span></h2><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 1.6em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">更多信息:</span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_Economy" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="循环经济">循环经济</a></div><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">虽然学术、行业和政策活动最初的重点主要集中在 re-X(</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recycling" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="回收">回收</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">、</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remanufacturing" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="再制造">再制造</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">、</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuse" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="重用">再利用</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">、</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_recovery" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="资源回收">回收</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">……)技术的开发上,但很快就很明显,技术能力越来越超过其实施能力。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">为了向循环经济过渡,不同的利益相关者必须共同努力。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">这将注意力转移到商业模式创新上,将其作为“循环”技术适应的关键杠杆。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-55" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-55" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[55]</a></sup></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">循环商业模式是关闭、缩小、减缓、强化和非物质化循环的商业模式,以最大限度地减少组织系统的资源输入和废物和排放泄漏。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">这包括回收措施(关闭)、效率改进(缩小)、使用阶段扩展(减慢或扩展)、更密集的使用阶段(强化)以及通过服务和软件解决方案替代产品效用(非物质化)。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-56" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-56" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[56]</a></sup></p><h2 style="background-color: white; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Certification">认证</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 0; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; user-select: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-right: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">[</span></span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=11" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="编辑部分:认证"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">编辑</span></span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-left: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">]</span></span></span></span></h2><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 1.6em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">另请参阅:</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certification" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="认证">认证</a></div><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: -0.5em; padding-left: 1.6em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">主条目:</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainability_standards_and_certification" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="可持续性标准和认证">可持续性标准和认证</a></div><h2 style="background-color: white; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Challenges_and_opportunities">挑战与机遇</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 0; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; user-select: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-right: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">[</span></span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=12" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="编辑部分:挑战与机遇"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">编辑</span></span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-left: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">]</span></span></span></span></h2><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">实施可持续商业实践可能会对利润和公司的财务“底线”产生影响。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">然而,在环保意识流行的时代,绿色战略很可能会被员工、消费者和其他利益相关者所接受。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">许多关注其业务对环境影响的组织正在主动投资于可持续的商业实践。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-auto1_57-0" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-auto1-57" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[57]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">事实上,据报道,环境绩效与经济绩效之间存在正相关关系。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-58" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-58" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[58]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">试图实施可持续发展业务的企业需要对平衡社会公平、经济繁荣和环境质量要素有深刻的见解。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-auto_59-0" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-auto-59" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[59]</a></sup></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">如果一个组织当前的商业模式本质上是不可持续的,那么要真正实现可持续发展就需要对</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_model" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="商业模式">商业模式</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">进行彻底改造(例如,从销售汽车到提供汽车共享和其他移动服务)。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">由于新旧模式之间的差异以及各自所需的技能、资源和基础设施,这可能会带来重大挑战。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">新的商业模式可以通过进入甚至创造新市场和接触新客户群来提供重大机遇。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-60" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-60" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[60]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">发展中国家企业实施可持续商业实践面临的主要挑战包括缺乏熟练人员、技术挑战、社会经济挑战、组织挑战和缺乏适当的政策框架。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-auto1_57-1" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-auto1-57" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[57]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">技术人员在质量管理、加强对国际质量标准的遵守以及确保可持续业务所必需的预防性和运营维护态度方面发挥着至关重要的作用。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-61" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-61" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[61]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">在缺乏熟练劳动力的情况下,公司无法实施可持续的商业模式。</span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><br /><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">有效实施可持续业务的另一个主要挑战是组织挑战。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">实施可持续商业活动的组织挑战源于与可持续商业模式的规划、实施和评估相关的困难。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-auto_59-1" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-auto-59" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[59]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">应对实施可持续商业实践的组织挑战需要从分析企业的整个供应链开始,而不是仅仅关注公司的内部运营。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-62" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-62" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[62]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">另一个主要挑战是缺乏可持续商业的适当政策框架。</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">公司通常遵守最低的经济、社会和环境可持续性标准,而事实上,当企业专注于遵守综合战略、热情和目标时,真正的可持续性才能实现。</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-63" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-63" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[63]</a></sup></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">在可持续商业实践方面处于领先地位的公司可以利用可持续收入机会:根据</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_for_Business,_Innovation_and_Skills" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="商业、创新和技能部">商业、创新和技能部</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">的数据,到 2015 年,英国绿色经济将以每年 4.9% 至 5.5% 的速度增长,</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-64" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-64" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[64]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">并且平均内部增长率大型企业的能效投资回报率为 48%。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-65" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-65" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[65]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> 2013 年的一项调查表明,对绿色产品的需求似乎在增加:27% 的受访者表示,与 5 年前相比,他们更有可能购买可持续产品和/或服务。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-66" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-66" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[66]</a></sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">此外,可持续的商业实践可能会吸引</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talent_management" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="人才管理">人才</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">并产生</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_break" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="减税">税收减免</a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">。</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-67" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-67" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;">[67]</a></sup></p><h2 style="background-color: white; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">另见</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 0; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; user-select: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-right: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">[</span></span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=13" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="编辑部分:另见"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">编辑</span></span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #54595d; margin-left: 0.25em;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">]</span></span></span></span></h2><ul aria-label="门户网站" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright" role="navigation" style="background: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; clear: right; color: #202122; display: table; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style: none; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 1em; max-width: 175px; padding: 0.1em;"><li class="portalbox-entry" style="display: table-row; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; height: 1.9em; line-height: 13.2px; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="portalbox-image" style="display: table-cell; padding: 0.2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="图标" class="noviewer" data-file-height="48" data-file-width="48" decoding="async" height="28" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/28px-Emblem-money.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/42px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/56px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="28" /></a></span><span class="portalbox-link" style="display: table-cell; padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Business" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="传送门:商务">商务门户</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry" style="display: table-row; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; height: 1.9em; line-height: 13.2px; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="portalbox-image" style="display: table-cell; padding: 0.2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="图标" class="noviewer" data-file-height="558" data-file-width="606" decoding="async" height="28" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/30px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/46px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/61px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="30" /></a></span><span class="portalbox-link" style="display: table-cell; padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Law" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="传送门:法律">法律门户</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry" style="display: table-row; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; height: 1.9em; line-height: 13.2px; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="portalbox-image" style="display: table-cell; padding: 0.2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><img alt="旗帜" class="noviewer thumbborder" data-file-height="650" data-file-width="1235" decoding="async" height="17" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" style="border: 1px solid rgb(234, 236, 240); vertical-align: middle;" width="32" /></span><span class="portalbox-link" style="display: table-cell; padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:United_States" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="传送门:美国">美国门户</a></span></li></ul><div class="div-col" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; column-width: 20em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-top: 0.3em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url("/w/skins/Vector/resources/common/images/bullet-icon.svg?d4515"); margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;"><li style="break-inside: avoid-column; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B4E_Business_for_the_Environment" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="B4E 环境业务">B4E 环境业务</a></li><li style="break-inside: avoid-column; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_America" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="绿色美国">绿色美国</a></li><li style="break-inside: avoid-column; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_Corporation_(certification)" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="B公司(认证)">B公司(认证)</a></li><li style="break-inside: avoid-column; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_of_the_pyramid" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="金字塔底部">金字塔底部</a></li><li style="break-inside: avoid-column; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_Trust" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="碳信托">碳信托</a></li><li style="break-inside: avoid-column; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Edge" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="干净的边缘">干净的边缘</a></li><li style="break-inside: avoid-column; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Energy_Trends" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="清洁能源趋势">清洁能源趋势</a></li><li style="break-inside: avoid-column; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Tech_Nation" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="清洁技术国家">清洁技术国家</a></li><li style="break-inside: avoid-column; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleaner_production" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="清洁生产">清洁生产</a></li><li style="break-inside: avoid-column; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscious_business" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="有意识的企业">有意识的企业</a></li><li style="break-inside: avoid-column; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_sustainability" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="企业可持续发展">企业可持续发展</a></li><li style="break-inside: avoid-column; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Externality" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="外部性">外部性</a></li><li style="break-inside: avoid-column; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gort_cloud" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="戈特云">戈特云</a></li><li style="break-inside: avoid-column; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_brands" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="绿色品牌">绿色品牌</a></li><li style="break-inside: avoid-column; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_MBA" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="可持续MBA">可持续MBA</a></li><li style="break-inside: avoid-column; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_carbon_economy" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="低碳经济">低碳经济</a></li><li style="break-inside: avoid-column; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Natural_Step" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="自然的步骤">自然的步骤</a></li><li style="break-inside: avoid-column; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_Impact" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="净影响">净影响</a></li><li style="break-inside: avoid-column; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_commercialization" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="可再生能源商业化">可再生能源商业化</a></li><li style="break-inside: avoid-column; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_industry" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="可再生能源产业">可再生能源产业</a></li><li style="break-inside: avoid-column; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Business_Network" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="可持续商业网络">可持续商业网络</a></li><li style="break-inside: avoid-column; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_finance" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="可持续金融">可持续金融</a></li><li style="break-inside: avoid-column; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldchanging" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: none;" title="改变世界">改变世界</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="background-color: white; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="References">参考文献</span></h2>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-355387667287819559.post-6818803934955969202023-02-03T10:25:00.001+08:002023-02-03T10:25:27.809+08:00习近平身世透致命软肋 大背景红二代惊人揭秘<p> <span style="font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Noto Sans CJK", "Noto Sans TC", "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimHei, 黑體, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 24px; text-align: center;">高干子弟揭秘:习近平大政方针左右摇摆反复无常的深层原因</span></p><p><span style="background-color: #f6fafd; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Noto Sans CJK", "Noto Sans TC", "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimHei, 黑體, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em;">干部子弟其实是这样一种人:把他们单个挑出来,一个个都胆小怕事,没什么用的;只有当他们聚成一帮人的时候,胆子才大了起来,互相刺激,彼此怂恿,才能变成一股破坏性力量,才敢干一些平民子弟单个不敢干的坏事。干部子弟生活优越,精力过剩,平时练习花拳绣腿,热热闹闹。</span></p><article id="content" style="background-color: white; clear: both; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Noto Sans CJK", "Noto Sans TC", "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimHei, 黑體, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto !important; line-height: 1.2em;"><p id="conimg" style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" height="554px" src="http://m1.ablwang.com/uploadfile/2023/0202/20230202133956578.png" style="border: none; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="621px" /></p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">阿波罗网王笃若报道/近期,来自<a class="keyword" href="http://www.aboluowang.com/tag/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC-1.html" style="color: #2e317c;">北京</a>的红二代纽约作家毕汝谐在海外博客撰文,揭秘从发现干部子弟的先天软弱性,来预判<a class="keyword" href="http://www.aboluowang.com/tag/%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3-1.html" style="color: #2e317c;">习近平</a>到底会不会动手,对外发动战争,对内血腥镇压。</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">毕汝谐说,前些天有个视频,习近平皮笑肉不笑地对<a class="keyword" href="http://www.aboluowang.com/tag/%E7%89%B9%E9%B2%81%E5%A4%9A-1.html" style="color: #2e317c;">特鲁多</a>说了一句:“那就不好说了”;我听了甚至打了个冷颤,想当年,1968年北京江湖,干部子弟打群架之前,常常最后还是要试着说和一下,看看有没有缓和的余地,如果谈崩了就会甩出这句那就不好说了,不好说了怎么办,只能是动手打架了!由此可见,1968年北京江湖这个时代大背景,给习近平性格打下了深深的烙印,永难磨灭。</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">所以作者认为,有必要另辟蹊径,把1968年北京干部子弟圈打架斗殴的那些揭秘出来,,以此预判习近平。</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">毕汝谐继续描述,在1968年的北京江湖,很多大院男孩子喜欢揣着菜刀刮刀匕首上大街,陌生男孩是很容易发生冲突的,单单不友善的目光,用1968年北京江湖的黑话来说这叫犯照,就可能打起来。干部子弟其实是这样一种人:把他们单个挑出来,一个个都胆小怕事,没什么用的;只有当他们聚成一帮人的时候,胆子才大了起来,互相刺激,彼此怂恿,才能变成一股破坏性力量,才敢干一些平民子弟单个不敢干的坏事。干部子弟生活优越,精力过剩,平时练习花拳绣腿,热热闹闹。</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">1968年,北京干部子弟在当局眼皮底下,举办过好几次地下拳击比赛,不可一世,一些唯恐天下不乱的女生还组织拉拉队观战呢;可是一到了打群架的场面,全都草鸡了!光脚的不怕穿鞋的,横的怕愣的,愣的怕不要命的!平民子弟普遍营养不良,打起架来却是视死如归!</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">当时带刀上街的干部子弟多如过江之鲫,而全北京真正敢于操刀砍人的干部子弟,一共就那么几个,就跟中央政治局常委一样,数都数得过来!其他所有人都是嘴把式、吹牛大王、窝囊废、胆小鬼!而敢于用菜刀砍人的平民子弟海了去了!在1968年北京干部子弟圈真正敢的狠角色,数来数去也只有一个将门之子谭余光,江湖诨名小坛子。</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">还有一个独眼龙韩老独,101中学的,他爸爸是驻匈牙利大使。他小时候放鞭炮崩瞎了一只眼睛,到了文化革命就趁机吹牛说自己是打架打瞎了一只眼睛。韩老独就狐假虎威,借着独眼龙高大成的威风,理所当然地成了北京干部子弟的大头目;韩老独的口头禅是我们把海淀区的流氓打得都不敢住在海淀区了,这真是吹破天的大牛皮!北京干部子弟在文革中放火的滔天罪行,有好多都是自己虚构出来的牛皮,结果老百姓信以为真。</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">毕汝谐说这些秘闻,毕汝谐的朋友担心其安全。毕汝谐说,北京人讲话:爱谁是谁;我老了,我不能把这些大实话带到棺材里去,骨鲠在喉,不吐不快!</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">毕汝谐因为是中宣部的干部子弟,所以小时候家住在中宣部。毕汝谐披露,中宣部后面有个大庙群,住着很多城市平民;中宣部男孩和大庙男孩一直摩擦不断。1967年11月,一个冬日的下午,中宣部子弟和附近的平民大庙子弟经过中间人传话,约定时间打群架,干部子弟几十个男孩人手一个大棒子,而大庙只出来两个人,一个姓杨。另一个叫<a class="keyword" href="http://www.aboluowang.com/tag/%E8%A5%BF%E7%93%9C-1.html" style="color: #2e317c;">西瓜</a>皮的。</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">中宣部大院的机关王史大东摩拳擦掌地对大家说,今天我要打人,让你们看看我打人!他膀大腰圆,摔跤拳击样样在行,我们都很佩服他。谁知杨某拿起一根齐眉铁棍,在地上划出一条线,恶狠狠地说:今天谁要敢走过这条线,我就打死谁!瓜皮,上!旁边的另一个人西瓜皮也抄起一根齐眉铁棍,不慌不忙地说:不急,看看谁敢过这条线,谁过来谁死!这些中宣部的子弟们一下子被镇住了!不敢挪步。</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">史大东气馁地说:他抡铁棍子打我,我就得拿胳膊挡,胳膊肯定断了!毕汝谐说,看看,这就是干部子弟的先天软弱性!既然你敢打群架,就别怕断胳膊断腿呀!大东是中看不中用的纸老虎,我们大家全都是中看不中用的纸老虎!从此以后,中宣部男孩就不敢招惹大庙男孩了,躲着走。干部子弟惜命,不敢玩命呀。</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">交个底,1968年北京江湖打群架,大院子弟跟平民子弟约架对打,从来没有赢过,都是平民子弟完胜!大院男孩看不起平民男孩,骂他们是胡同串子,却又到平民家找女孩,就这样,官民矛盾外加嫉妒,这个仇恨大了去了!</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">毕汝谐说,我们这帮人在杨某和西瓜皮面前吃瘪了,那到哪儿去找个软茬子拔份儿呢,本楼陈小宝说他有个同学是<a class="keyword" href="http://www.aboluowang.com/tag/%E6%AE%B5%E7%A5%BA%E7%91%9E-1.html" style="color: #2e317c;">段祺瑞</a>的孙子,孤孤单单的狗崽子,好欺负。打娘胎里就是反动派,用习近平的话讲:“那就不好说了”。</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">1967年12月,一个星期六的晚上,我们这帮人又邀朋集友,大概其有一百五六十人,假装去圆恩寺影剧院看电影革命家庭,是最后的夜场;好不容易熬到电影散场,大东一马当先拦住段祺瑞孙子,很明显他是想在大家面前找回前番失去的面子;大东一个又快又狠的右摆拳打倒了段祺瑞孙子,按照事前的安排,这时候有人拉断了圆恩寺影剧院的电闸,全场一片黑暗,伸手不见五指!众人摸黑踩踏踢打倒在地上的段祺瑞孙子,七手八脚;外围的人们插不进手,就肆无忌惮地殴打其他男服务员,并且捣毁影剧院的设施;我至今清楚地记得,黑暗中瓷茶杯砸碎玻璃窗产生奇异的蓝光!不知多久,东城分局来人了,大家马上吓得四散而逃,只恨爹妈少生了两条腿!</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">干部子弟色厉内荏,欺软怕硬,一旦动真格的,胆小如鼠!早年聂卫平和习近平一块儿去打群架,一打起来,习近平就掉链子逃跑了,他是个怂人,不可能不逃跑呀!</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">中共高干子弟毕汝谐介绍说:老干部活到1949年的一般都混到了将级校级,进城后他们多半还都甩了黄脸婆,另娶女学生,生下的儿女都是少爷小姐,娇生惯养;<a class="keyword" href="http://www.aboluowang.com/tag/%E4%B9%A0%E4%BB%B2%E5%8B%8B-1.html" style="color: #2e317c;">习仲勋</a>的婚姻状况也是这样的,原配是乡下婆姨,后来又娶了女学生齐心,生了习近平这一茬子女;你指望习近平这一茬子女去放火?吹吹牛皮还是可以的。</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;"><a class="keyword" href="http://www.aboluowang.com/tag/%E8%B4%BA%E9%BE%99-1.html" style="color: #2e317c;">贺龙</a>两把菜刀闹革命,他的独生子贺鹏飞是个窝囊废;贺龙活活冤枉死了,贺鹏飞一直逆来顺受,连骂娘都不敢!现在的国家军委主席<a class="keyword" href="http://www.aboluowang.com/tag/%E5%BC%A0%E5%8F%88%E4%BE%A0-1.html" style="color: #2e317c;">张又侠</a>,少年时整天练块儿,弘二头肌弘三头肌都很发达,可是他胆子小,从来不敢跟人动手打架!这就是干部子弟的先天软弱性。太平湖有一个著名地痞岳胜,有一次在北师大校园里,随手拿起一个铅球扔在一个工友头上,把工友打休克了!岳胜一战成名,吓得全北京干部子弟闻风而逃!从此北太平庄一带出了无数岳胜,就像李鬼冒充李逵一样!</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">毕汝谐认为,习近平这种干部子弟的先天软弱性,决定他既不敢对外发动战争,也不敢对内血腥镇压!二者都得有股灭人不眨眼的狠劲!干部子弟的先天软弱性,决定他们没有这种的狠劲!习近平的军事职务是国防部长秘书,也就是一个国防部长秘书的军事水平;秘书习惯于时时事事听首长主官的决断,关键时候秘书根本拿不了大主意,这就是为什么习近平在几乎所有大政方针上都左右摇摆、反复无常的主观原因。</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">本文视频链接:</p></article>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-355387667287819559.post-88037344456384915122023-02-02T01:26:00.002+08:002023-02-02T01:26:05.039+08:00【404文库】“有些内容比较敏感,不宜公开聊,相信大家都懂”(外二篇)<a href="https://chinadigitaltimes.net/chinese/692333.html">【404文库】“有些内容比较敏感,不宜公开聊,相信大家都懂”(外二篇)</a>: 微信公众号“金融五道口”:“地方城投拿地不开发,毫无意义。为什么拿地不开发?因为绝大多数城投进场,都是背着任务来的,为了土地市场看起来热闹些,为了地方财政收入最起码数据好看些,更为了……算了,不多说了。有些内容比较敏感,不宜公开聊,相信大家都懂。”Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-355387667287819559.post-5203102747604620012023-02-01T15:53:00.001+08:002023-02-01T15:53:12.335+08:00新世纪 NewCenturyNet: 曹興誠:什麼是「結草銜環」?<a href="https://2newcenturynet.blogspot.com/2023/01/blog-post_73.html?spref=bl">新世纪 NewCenturyNet: 曹興誠:什麼是「結草銜環」?</a>: 曹興誠 2023.01.29 「結草」、「銜環」都是不忘報恩的意思。銜環是生前報恩,結草是死後報恩。大家上google 去查查,就明白其典故由來,十分有趣。 上圖表現的就是銜環報恩。 這是件「ㄧ頭雙身」的青銅虎形雕塑,是某件大型器物的角和足。表面有錯銀和鎏金 紋飾,詳見左下圖。 ...Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-355387667287819559.post-60949781481612862022023-01-30T17:26:00.001+08:002023-01-30T17:26:06.790+08:00病毒有眼 如何才能趋吉避凶<p><br /></p><div class="featured_video" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimHei, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="video_fit_container epoch_player" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 379.688px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;"><div class="player-container" data-id="player-964fa7c4-71e7-4172-83c2-24a40248f643" id="player-container-964fa7c4-71e7-4172-83c2-24a40248f643" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: 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baseline;">繁体</a></span></div></div><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimHei, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span></p><div class="post_content" itemprop="articleBody" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimHei, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 20px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px; word-break: break-word;"><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">目前<a href="http://cn.ntdtv.com/gb/%E5%A5%A5%E5%AF%86%E5%85%8B%E6%88%8E.htm" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f64d1; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">奥密克戎</a>在中国造成的感染率、重症率、死亡率都远远超过其它国家。更加离奇的是,中共在疫情井喷之际重新开放国人出国,但其他国家疫情不升反降。病毒似乎真的有眼,针对中共而来。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">根据北京大学国家发展研究院最近发布的报告,截止到1月11日,全国<a href="http://cn.ntdtv.com/gb/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93%E7%8E%87.htm" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f64d1; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">中共病毒感染率</a>累计约64%,感染率最高的前三名,分别是甘肃省约91%、云南省约84%、青海省约80%。而中疾控流行病学首席专家吴尊友1月21日透露,现在中国染疫人口已经达到80%。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">相比其它国家,这么高的感染率很不正常。《大纪元时报》根据“谷歌疫情数据统计”计算,美国染疫比例为30.42%,日本23.72%。台湾38.10%。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">此外,<a href="http://cn.ntdtv.com/gb/%E5%A5%A5%E5%AF%86%E5%85%8B%E6%88%8E.htm" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f64d1; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">奥密克戎</a>还在中国造成大量白肺重症,二次感染,死者暴增,火葬场大排长龙等现象,也明显与其他国家不同。在世界其它国家,奥密克戎致病力显着降低,主要损伤人体上呼吸道,很少直接损伤肺,重症率和死亡率都很低。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">更加离奇的是,中共在疫情井喷之际重新开放国人出国旅游,但迄今为止中国人十大出境游目的地,染疫人数基本都在回落。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">旅澳历史学者李元华:“中国大陆流行的病毒,这个高感染率和这个高致死率、高重症率,明显看出来和世界这个趋势是不一样的。说明这个中共病毒其实就是针对中共来的,看不清中共本质的这些人实际上是最危险的。”</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">大纪元专栏作家王赫:“中共呢,它不同于一般的政党,它的背后它是有一个邪灵。 就是这个问题呢,在2004年大纪元社论《九评共产党》就已经把这个问题说的很清楚了。它造了太多的孽,杀害了太多的人,天灭中共,所以这个疫情就是针对中共而来,就是要清除它。”</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">《九评共产党》中指出,“共产党也是一种生命,但其反自然、反天、反地、反人,是一种反宇宙的邪恶生灵。”中共党组织“如影随形般附着在中国社会的每一个单元细胞上”,“以党性取代和消灭人性”。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">王赫:“中共跟别的政党一个根本不同的地方,就是你入党有个誓词,你要把你的命献给它,为它卖命终身,永不叛党,这就是邪教作法。然后再在长期里面它要不停给你灌输党性,而且告诉你,每个人天生的就会有人性,但是你这个人性就会对这个党,有时候你会表示怀疑,表示对抗。它要压抑你的人性,消除你人性,它就不停地给你灌输这个党性,使你死心塌地地成为党的一分子。”</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">至今已经有大批党员干部、专家学者、为中共站台的各界名人染疫甚至死亡。外交部门一名正部级干部的儿子年前透露,由于死的人太多,父亲染疫去世后唯一的特权是“混上了一口纸棺材”。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">法轮功创始人李洪志先生2020年3月在《理性》一文中警示:“其实瘟疫本身就是针对人心、道德变坏、业力大了而来的。”“这样的瘟疫是有目地、有目标而来的。它是来淘汰邪党份子的、与中共邪党走在一起的人的。”</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">自媒体人方伟:“李洪志先生他讲的这个道理就是,神要用瘟疫来淘汰中共。那么什么是中共,谁是中共啊?如果中共是一个生命体的话,那党员、团员、队员就是这个生命的细胞。所以祂要灭中共的话,祂要淘汰中共的话,就涉及这些党员、团员、队员。那么你要退出党团队的话,你就可以保平安,你就免除这个有眼的瘟疫针对的对象。”</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">在海外退党网站上,目前已有四亿多人声明退出中共党团队组织。民众们在声明中表示:“疫情害死无数中国人,中共还隐瞒疫情”,“中共三年清零一夕逆转,阳的遍地,看来小小的病毒背后有瘟神的影子,人应该抱敬畏之心”,“已知一条铁律:拒绝中共,才能远离瘟疫。”</p></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-355387667287819559.post-3255821451060486602023-01-30T17:01:00.003+08:002023-01-30T17:01:35.218+08:00季风书园<p> <b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #202122; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">季风书园</b><span style="color: #202122; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">是一家以“独立的文化立场,自由的思想表达”为办店宗旨的</span><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E6%9B%B8%E5%BA%97" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="独立书店">独立书店</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #202122; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[1]</a></sup><span style="color: #202122; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">,1997年由</span><a class="new" href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%A5%E6%90%8F%E9%9D%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #dd3333; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="严搏非(页面不存在)">严搏非</a><span style="color: #202122; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">创立于</span><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%81" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="上海地铁">上海地铁</a><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%95%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E8%B7%AF%E7%AB%99" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="陕西南路站">陕西南路站</a><span style="color: #202122; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">通道内,经过二十年的发展,顶峰时在</span><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="上海市">上海市</a><span style="color: #202122; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">有八家分店。季风书园除了卖书之外,还举办</span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%B2%E5%BA%A7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="讲座">讲座</a><span style="color: #202122; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">等活动,具有广泛的社会影响力,被视为上海市的文化地标</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ifeng13_2-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #202122; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-ifeng13-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[2]</a></sup><span style="color: #202122; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">。2013年</span><a class="new" href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8E%E6%B7%BC_(%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD)&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #dd3333; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="于淼 (季风书园)(页面不存在)">于淼</a><span style="color: #202122; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">接任严搏非,并在</span><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E7%AB%99" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="上海图书馆站">上海图书馆站</a><span style="color: #202122; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">开店。而由于当局没有明令禁止,又以各种方式打压,令季风书园分店不断缩减</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #202122; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-:0-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[3]</a></sup><span style="color: #202122; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">;剩下一家书店最终因为业主不再续租,被迫于2018年1月31日关闭。于淼认为,不再续租的原因与官方认为书店举办的讲座活动会带来风险有关,这些活动鼓励思辨、关心社会现实,有些讲者可能不是官方欢迎的人物</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cna_4-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #202122; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-cna-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[4]</a></sup><span style="color: #202122; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">。</span></p><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Lato, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><div class="thumb tright" style="background: none; border: 0px; clear: right; float: right; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.6em 0px 0.6em 1.4em; max-width: 704px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jifeng-BookStore.jpg" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt=" 季风书园上海图书馆店" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2448" data-file-width="3264" decoding="async" height="165" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Jifeng-BookStore.jpg/220px-Jifeng-BookStore.jpg" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #54595d; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.8125rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto !important;">季风书园上海图书馆店,位于<a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E7%AB%99" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="上海图书馆站">上海图书馆站</a>2号口旁</div></div></div><div aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading" class="toc" id="toc" role="navigation" style="background: none rgb(248, 249, 250); border: 1px solid rgb(234, 236, 240); box-sizing: border-box; display: table; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="toctitle" dir="ltr" lang="zh-Hans" style="align-items: center; background: none; border: 0px; display: flex; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; min-height: 44px; padding: 0px 34px 0px 44px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-minerva-listBullet mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet " style="appearance: none; background: none transparent; border-radius: 2px; border: 1px solid transparent; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: transparent !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; flex-basis: 1.25em; font-family: inherit; font-size: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; height: 1.25em; left: 0px; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 1.25em; min-width: 1.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.75em; position: absolute; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; transition: background-color 100ms ease 0s, color 0s ease 0s, border-color 0s ease 0s, box-shadow 0s ease 0s; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; width: 1.25em;"></div><h2 id="mw-toc-heading" style="background: none; border: 0px; clear: left; display: inline-block; font-size: 1.125em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0.5em 0px; vertical-align: middle; word-break: break-word;">目录</h2><span class="toctogglespan" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox" style="background: none; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 44px; left: 0px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; z-index: 1;"></label></span><div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-mf-expand mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet mw-ui-icon-small " style="appearance: none; background: none transparent; border-radius: 2px; border: 1px solid transparent; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: transparent !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; flex-basis: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-size: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; height: 1em; left: auto; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px; min-height: 1em; min-width: 1em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.75em; position: absolute; right: 0px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; top: 5px; transition: background-color 100ms ease 0s, color 0s ease 0s, border-color 0s ease 0s, box-shadow 0s ease 0s; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; width: 1em;"></div></div><ul style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: 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inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#%E4%BF%9D%E5%8D%AB%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="toctext" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></a><ul style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: inherit; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8%E4%B8%BE%E5%8A%9E%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E9%98%BB%E6%8C%A0" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="toctext" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#%E8%8D%A3%E8%AA%89" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="toctext" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#%E8%A9%95%E5%83%B9" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="toctext" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: inherit; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="toctext" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></a></li></ul></div></section><h2 class="section-heading collapsible-heading open-block" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(234, 236, 240); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; clear: left; color: #202122; cursor: pointer; display: flex; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0.5em 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-mf-expand indicator mw-ui-icon-flush-left mw-ui-icon-small mf-mw-ui-icon-rotate-flip" style="appearance: none; background: none transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline-block; flex-basis: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-size: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1em; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0px 0px -0.5625em; min-height: 1em; min-width: 1em; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px; position: relative; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; width: 1em;"></div><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2.E5.B9.B4.E8.A1.A8" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span aria-controls="content-collapsible-block-0" aria-expanded="true" class="mw-headline" id="歷史年表" role="button" style="background: none; border: 0px; flex-basis: 0px; flex-grow: 1; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" tabindex="0">历史年表</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="align-self: center; background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: -1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit-base20 edit-page mw-ui-icon-flush-right mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet" data-section="1" href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD&action=edit&section=1" style="appearance: none; background: none transparent; border-radius: 2px; border: 1px solid transparent; box-sizing: content-box !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; flex-basis: 1.25em; font-family: inherit; font-size: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; height: 20px; line-height: 0; margin: 0px -0.75em 0px 0px; min-height: 1.25em; min-width: 1.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.75em; position: relative; text-align: center; text-decoration-line: none; text-overflow: ellipsis; transition: background-color 100ms ease 0s, color 0s ease 0s, border-color 0s ease 0s, box-shadow 0s ease 0s; vertical-align: middle; visibility: visible; white-space: nowrap; width: 1.25em;" title="编辑章节:历史年表">编辑</a></span></h2><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block collapsible-block-js open-block" id="content-collapsible-block-0" style="background-color: white; clear: left; color: #202122; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Lato, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><p style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1997年,在<a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="上海社会科学院">上海社会科学院</a>研究科学哲学史和中国近代思想史的严搏非辞职,与朱红、何平合资<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-:0-3" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[3]</a></sup>,在上海地铁陕西南路站通道内创办了季风书园,初始面积仅41平方米,图书仅8000多册<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-blog1_5-0" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-blog1-5" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[5]</a></sup>。</p><p style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1998年,季风书园开设了复兴店和莲花店。年末,陕西南路总店进行了扩建,扩建后的面积达937平方米。</p><p style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1999年,季风书园新开了以经济管理图书为主的黄陂店,然而并未运营多长时间。</p><p style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2001年,季风书园在<a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E5%AE%89%E5%AF%BA" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="静安寺">静安寺</a>附近开了一家艺术店,以电影戏剧类图书为特色。</p><p style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2003年,上海季风图书有限公司与<a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%93%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="联经出版">联经出版</a>共同组建了“上海三辉咨询有限公司”,和<a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="新星出版社">新星出版社</a>、<a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E8%A5%BF%E5%B8%88%E8%8C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="广西师范大学出版社">广西师范大学出版社</a>、<a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%89%E6%9E%97%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="吉林出版集团">吉林出版集团</a>等出版机构合作从事图书策划工作。严搏非策划了大量在国内外学术界赢得很好口碑的学术文化著作<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sina_read_6-0" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-sina_read-6" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[6]</a></sup>。同年季风书园在上海市中心的西藏路福州路口的来福士广场,开出了第一家设于大型高档SHOPPING MALL的书店。</p><p style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2005年2月15日,上海季风图书有限公司与联经出版在<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%82" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="台北市">台北市</a><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%BE%A9%E5%8D%80_(%E8%87%BA%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%82)" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="信义区 (台北市)">信义区</a><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BF%A0%E5%AD%9D%E6%9D%B1%E8%B7%AF" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="忠孝东路">忠孝东路</a>四段561号3楼(联合报第三大楼)成立<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="简体中文">简体中文</a>书籍专卖店“上海书店”<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-7" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[7]</a></sup>。</p><p style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2006年,季风书园创办《季风书讯》,与《<a class="new" href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%BB%E5%93%81&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #dd3333; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="读品(页面不存在)">读品</a>》与《<a class="new" href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E9%98%85%E8%AF%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #dd3333; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="独立阅读(页面不存在)">独立阅读</a>》并称为沪上三大电子刊,截至2017年12月共发行522期。2007年,季风书园开始组织的每月一期的”今天,我们读书”沙龙活动。</p><p style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2008年,季风书园陕西南路店10年租约到期,房东要将租金涨10倍,随后新闻界和文化界发起了“保卫季风运动”。</p><p style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2010年,在徐家汇百脑汇二期开业仅9个月的季风书园概念店,因陷入经济纠纷且每天营业额过低,宣布关门。2011年,季风艺术书店、静安店、来福士店因租约到期,租金上涨无力续租而相继关门。</p><p style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2012年,季风书园陕西南路店与地铁公司续签的3年租约再次到期,租金依然要涨,季风还是无力承受。于是,上海掀起了第二次“季风保卫战”。</p><p style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2013年,面临严峻商业压力下,于淼注资300万元<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-:0-3" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[3]</a></sup>,从严搏非手中接下季风书园<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ifeng13_2-1" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-ifeng13-2" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[2]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-8" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[8]</a></sup>,世界读书日那一天季风书园从陕西南路搬迁至地铁10号线上海图书馆站站厅层。同年,季风书园得到官方扶持资金,有了机会在<a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%B9%A6%E5%B1%95" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="上海书展">上海书展</a>亮相。</p><p style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2014年,季风书园华师大店因为修路等客观原因经营不善,主动撤店退出。同年开始,季风书园在上海书展的展位开始变小,被视为当局警惕季风书园立场的信号。</p><p style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2015年,季风人文讲堂开讲。同年,季风书园申请参加上海书展遭到明确拒绝,媒体也被禁止报道季风书园活动。</p><p style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2016年,季风书园八里台社区店和温州店相继筹划并开始试运营。</p><p style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2017年2月,季风书园八里台社区店因被指控无证经营而关门<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-blog_close_9-0" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-blog_close-9" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[9]</a></sup>;3月16日,于淼发微博表示,上海文化执法总队和公安部门联合执法,以“无证售书、突破法律底线”为名强制要求关店、罚款,导致试行两月的季风浦东社区店被迫关门<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:0_3-3" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-:0-3" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[3]</a></sup>。4月10日,收到<a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="上海图书馆">上海图书馆</a>拒绝续租的复函,季风书园将于一年租约到期被迫关门<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-blog_death_10-0" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-blog_death-10" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[10]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-blog_1_11-0" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-blog_1-11" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[11]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-blog_2_12-0" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-blog_2-12" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[12]</a></sup>,2017年12月开业的济南分店最终也改为以“冷湖书园”名义运营,与季风书园切割。</p><p style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">季风书园最终于2018年关闭,于淼一家来美。2022年,于淼的妻子谢芳回国探亲后遭限制出境。<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-13" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[13]</a></sup></p></section><h2 class="section-heading collapsible-heading open-block" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(234, 236, 240); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; clear: left; color: #202122; cursor: pointer; display: flex; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0.5em 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-mf-expand indicator mw-ui-icon-flush-left mw-ui-icon-small mf-mw-ui-icon-rotate-flip" style="appearance: none; background: none transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline-block; flex-basis: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-size: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1em; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0px 0px -0.5625em; min-height: 1em; min-width: 1em; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px; position: relative; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; width: 1em;"></div><span id=".E4.BF.9D.E5.8D.AB.E5.AD.A3.E9.A3.8E.E8.BF.90.E5.8A.A8" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span aria-controls="content-collapsible-block-1" aria-expanded="true" class="mw-headline" id="保卫季风运动" role="button" style="background: none; border: 0px; flex-basis: 0px; flex-grow: 1; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" tabindex="0">保卫季风运动</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="align-self: center; background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: -1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit-base20 edit-page mw-ui-icon-flush-right mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet" data-section="2" href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD&action=edit&section=2" style="appearance: none; background: none transparent; border-radius: 2px; border: 1px solid transparent; box-sizing: content-box !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; flex-basis: 1.25em; font-family: inherit; font-size: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; height: 20px; line-height: 0; margin: 0px -0.75em 0px 0px; min-height: 1.25em; min-width: 1.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.75em; position: relative; text-align: center; text-decoration-line: none; text-overflow: ellipsis; transition: background-color 100ms ease 0s, color 0s ease 0s, border-color 0s ease 0s, box-shadow 0s ease 0s; vertical-align: middle; visibility: visible; white-space: nowrap; width: 1.25em;" title="编辑章节:保卫季风运动">编辑</a></span></h2><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block collapsible-block-js open-block" id="content-collapsible-block-1" style="background-color: white; clear: left; color: #202122; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Lato, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><p style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2008年底陕西南路总店十年租赁合同到期,地铁公司通知租金价格要上涨10倍,书店完全无法承受,停业在即<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-blog1_5-1" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-blog1-5" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[5]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-caixinweekly_14-0" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-caixinweekly-14" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[14]</a></sup>。2008年9月10日,<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E6%96%87%E5%8C%AF%E5%A0%B1" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="上海文汇报">上海文汇报</a>头版发表了长文《“季风”将吹向何处?》,表达了对书店的同情,将书店去留摆上为公共议题。见报当天,<a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E5%B1%80" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="上海市新闻出版局">上海市新闻出版局</a>新就职不久的局长也专程召开紧急会议,决定为书店经营发声支援。消息传出之后,“保卫季风”运动自发形成。有年轻一代更打算连署静坐,在地铁站声援书店,被严搏非拦下<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:0_3-4" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-:0-3" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[3]</a></sup>。<a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E4%B8%9C%E5%B8%88%E8%8C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="华东师范大学出版社">华东师范大学出版社</a>社长朱杰人在一场学术研讨会上呼吁出版界联合起来帮助季风书园渡过难关:“上海不能再少一家专门销售人文社科图书的书店了”。</p><p style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">有网友发起“一起来捍卫陕西南路季风书园”的活动<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-15" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[15]</a></sup>,数千人响应。很多读者呼吁,要在商业中心区域为书店留下空间,当时有句口号是,“地铁站里不能只有哈根达斯,而没有哈贝马斯。”经过长时间谈判,季风又赢得三年低价续约。但三年期满后,季风撤出,搬迁到上海图书馆站站厅内<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-16" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[16]</a></sup>。<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-blog1_5-2" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-blog1-5" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[5]</a></sup></p><h3 style="background: none; border: 0px; display: flex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.2em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0.5em 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span id=".E6.B4.BB.E5.8A.A8.E4.B8.BE.E5.8A.9E.E4.B8.8E.E5.AE.98.E6.96.B9.E9.98.BB.E6.8C.A0" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="活动举办与官方阻挠" style="background: none; border: 0px; flex-basis: 0px; flex-grow: 1; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">活动举办与官方阻挠</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="align-self: center; background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: -1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit-base20 edit-page mw-ui-icon-flush-right mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet" data-section="3" href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD&action=edit&section=3" style="appearance: none; background: none transparent; border-radius: 2px; border: 1px solid transparent; box-sizing: content-box !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; flex-basis: 1.25em; font-family: inherit; font-size: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; height: 20px; line-height: 0; margin: 0px -0.75em 0px 0px; min-height: 1.25em; min-width: 1.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.75em; position: relative; text-align: center; text-decoration-line: none; text-overflow: ellipsis; transition: background-color 100ms ease 0s, color 0s ease 0s, border-color 0s ease 0s, box-shadow 0s ease 0s; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; width: 1.25em;" title="编辑章节:活动举办与官方阻挠">编辑</a></span></h3><p style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">从2017年起,季风开始组织的每月一期的“今天,我们读书”沙龙活动。2015年,季风人文讲堂开讲,历史学家<a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%88%E5%BF%97%E5%8D%8E" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="沈志华">沈志华</a>、<a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E9%A2%90" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="雷颐">雷颐</a>,政治学者<a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="冯克利">冯克利</a>,文化学者<a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%AF" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="朱大可">朱大可</a>,经济学家<a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%8B%E6%A3%AE" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="韦森">韦森</a>,调查记者和公益人<a class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%82%93%E9%A3%9E" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="邓飞">邓飞</a>,民谣歌手<a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E4%BA%91%E8%93%AC" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="周云蓬">周云蓬</a>与<a class="new" href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%91%E6%A0%BC%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #dd3333; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="桑格格(页面不存在)">桑格格</a>,科幻小说家<a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%99%8B%E5%BA%B7" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="王晋康">王晋康</a>等均在此讲座。据统计,仅上图店,四年共举办443场活动,150场人文讲堂,近10万人次参与<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-blog_death_10-1" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-blog_death-10" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[10]</a></sup>。</p><p style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">季风书园举办的多个活动遭到阻挠,不少讲座被迫取消<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cancel0_17-0" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-cancel0-17" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[17]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cancel1_18-0" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-cancel1-18" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[18]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cancel2_19-0" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-cancel2-19" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[19]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cancel3_20-0" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-cancel3-20" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[20]</a></sup>。同时,季风书园微博和微信多篇文章遭到删除<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-weibo_21-0" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-weibo-21" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[21]</a></sup>,豆瓣小组、小站和帐号全部遭到禁用和删除<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-douban_22-0" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-douban-22" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[22]</a></sup>。</p></section><h2 class="section-heading collapsible-heading open-block" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(234, 236, 240); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; clear: left; color: #202122; cursor: pointer; display: flex; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0.5em 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-mf-expand indicator mw-ui-icon-flush-left mw-ui-icon-small mf-mw-ui-icon-rotate-flip" style="appearance: none; background: none transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline-block; flex-basis: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-size: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1em; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0px 0px -0.5625em; min-height: 1em; min-width: 1em; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px; position: relative; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; width: 1em;"></div><span id=".E8.8D.A3.E8.AA.89" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span aria-controls="content-collapsible-block-2" aria-expanded="true" class="mw-headline" id="荣誉" role="button" style="background: none; border: 0px; flex-basis: 0px; flex-grow: 1; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" tabindex="0">荣誉</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="align-self: center; background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: -1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit-base20 edit-page mw-ui-icon-flush-right mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet" data-section="4" href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD&action=edit&section=4" style="appearance: none; background: none transparent; border-radius: 2px; border: 1px solid transparent; box-sizing: content-box !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; flex-basis: 1.25em; font-family: inherit; font-size: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; height: 20px; line-height: 0; margin: 0px -0.75em 0px 0px; min-height: 1.25em; min-width: 1.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.75em; position: relative; text-align: center; text-decoration-line: none; text-overflow: ellipsis; transition: background-color 100ms ease 0s, color 0s ease 0s, border-color 0s ease 0s, box-shadow 0s ease 0s; vertical-align: middle; visibility: visible; white-space: nowrap; width: 1.25em;" title="编辑章节:荣誉">编辑</a></span></h2><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block collapsible-block-js open-block" id="content-collapsible-block-2" style="background-color: white; clear: left; color: #202122; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Lato, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><p style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2000年,季风成为被新闻出版署评出的2000年全国双优单位<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-blog_1_11-1" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-blog_1-11" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[11]</a></sup>。</p><p style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2016年,季风获得第二届华文领读者大奖颁奖典礼上,季风书园获得了华文领读者·阅读组织奖<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-blog_2_12-1" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-blog_2-12" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[12]</a></sup>。</p></section><h2 class="section-heading collapsible-heading open-block" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(234, 236, 240); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; clear: left; color: #202122; cursor: pointer; display: flex; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0.5em 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-mf-expand indicator mw-ui-icon-flush-left mw-ui-icon-small mf-mw-ui-icon-rotate-flip" style="appearance: none; background: none transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline-block; flex-basis: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-size: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1em; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0px 0px -0.5625em; min-height: 1em; min-width: 1em; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px; position: relative; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; width: 1em;"></div><span id=".E8.A9.95.E5.83.B9" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span aria-controls="content-collapsible-block-3" aria-expanded="true" class="mw-headline" id="評價" role="button" style="background: none; border: 0px; flex-basis: 0px; flex-grow: 1; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" tabindex="0">评价</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="align-self: center; background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: -1em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit-base20 edit-page mw-ui-icon-flush-right mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet" data-section="5" href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD&action=edit&section=5" style="appearance: none; background: none transparent; border-radius: 2px; border: 1px solid transparent; box-sizing: content-box !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; flex-basis: 1.25em; font-family: inherit; font-size: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; height: 20px; line-height: 0; margin: 0px -0.75em 0px 0px; min-height: 1.25em; min-width: 1.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.75em; position: relative; text-align: center; text-decoration-line: none; text-overflow: ellipsis; transition: background-color 100ms ease 0s, color 0s ease 0s, border-color 0s ease 0s, box-shadow 0s ease 0s; vertical-align: middle; visibility: visible; white-space: nowrap; width: 1.25em;" title="编辑章节:评价">编辑</a></span></h2><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block collapsible-block-js open-block" id="content-collapsible-block-3" style="background-color: white; clear: left; color: #202122; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Lato, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><p style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">有评论认为,季风书园之死折射公共领域式微:</p><table class="cquote pullquote" role="presentation" style="background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; float: none !important; font-size: 16px; margin: auto; overflow: auto hidden; width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="border: none; color: #b2b7f2; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 40px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 0.6em; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright; vertical-align: top; width: 20px;">“</td><td style="border: none; padding: 4px 10px; vertical-align: top;">人们不禁要问,偌大一个上海,何以没有季风的容身之地? 毋须赘言,季风命运的戛然而止,与这个时代及其背后的公共生活有着千丝万缕的联系,某种程度而言,季风之死恰是折射了当下公共领域的式微,一种短期内无可逆转的式微。<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ft_23-0" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-ft-23" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[23]</a></sup></td><td style="border: none; color: #b2b7f2; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 40px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 0.6em; padding: 10px; text-align: right; text-orientation: upright; vertical-align: bottom; width: 20px;">”</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E4%BA%BA" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="经济学人">经济学人</a>在一篇名为 <i style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Despite censorship, China has some cool bookshops</i> 的文章中称,季风书园等民办书店考验着文化保守主义权威的耐心<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-24" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[24]</a></sup>:</p><table class="cquote pullquote" role="presentation" style="background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; float: none !important; font-size: 16px; margin: auto; overflow: auto hidden; width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="border: none; color: #b2b7f2; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 40px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 0.6em; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright; vertical-align: top; width: 20px;">“</td><td style="border: none; padding: 4px 10px; vertical-align: top;">During two decades of operation, Jifeng has tested the patience of Shanghai’s culturally conservative authorities. One of its founders was a prominent liberal academic in the heady days before the crushing of the Tiananmen Square protests in 1989. The shop’s selection of books on politics and philosophy reflects his tastes. Ever tighter controls on debate under President Xi Jinping may have added to pressure on officials in Shanghai to take action.</td><td style="border: none; color: #b2b7f2; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 40px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 0.6em; padding: 10px; text-align: right; text-orientation: upright; vertical-align: bottom; width: 20px;">”</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">书店无奈退场当夜东主于淼和书店职员站在书店中央,朗诵济慈的《夜莺颂》,过后, 于淼发表告别演说时讲到<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:0_3-5" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%9B%AD#cite_note-:0-3" style="background: none; border: 0px; color: #3366cc; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[3]</a></sup>:</p><table class="cquote pullquote" role="presentation" style="background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; float: none !important; font-size: 16px; margin: auto; overflow: auto hidden; width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="border: none; color: #b2b7f2; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 40px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 0.6em; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright; vertical-align: top; width: 20px;">“</td><td style="border: none; padding: 4px 10px; vertical-align: top;">如果说季风二十年在上海精神文化史上留下了什么,我想首先是一种纯粹,由民间自发追求独立思想和追求真理的一种执着状态中的纯粹。它给了我们很多力量和勇气。另外留下的,就是一个伤疤。伤疤里面,你能看到无知和荒谬。这个伤疤已然形成,它无法愈合,我们只能跨越,我期待跨越的那一刻。</td><td style="border: none; color: #b2b7f2; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 40px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 0.6em; padding: 10px; text-align: right; text-orientation: upright; vertical-align: bottom; width: 20px;">”</td></tr></tbody></table></section><h2 class="section-heading collapsible-heading open-block" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(234, 236, 240); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; clear: left; color: #202122; cursor: pointer; display: flex; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0.5em 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-mf-expand indicator mw-ui-icon-flush-left mw-ui-icon-small mf-mw-ui-icon-rotate-flip" style="appearance: none; background: none transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline-block; flex-basis: 1em; font-family: inherit; font-size: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1em; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0px 0px -0.5625em; min-height: 1em; min-width: 1em; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px; position: relative; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; width: 1em;"></div><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE" style="background: none; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span aria-controls="content-collapsible-block-4" aria-expanded="true" class="mw-headline" id="参考文献" role="button" style="background: none; border: 0px; flex-basis: 0px; flex-grow: 1; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" tabindex="0">参考文献</span></h2>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-355387667287819559.post-16270196551701984912023-01-30T12:28:00.005+08:002023-01-30T12:28:42.569+08:00 供销社的“大爷”<p> <span style="background-color: white; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">纪元</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold;">作者: </span><a datatype="" href="https://botanwang.com/taxonomy/%E9%83%91%E6%84%9A%E5%B1%B1.html" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" style="background-color: white; color: #005a8c; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-decoration-line: none;" typeof="skos:Concept">郑愚山</a></p><div class="panel-pane pane-entity-field pane-node-field-image" style="background-color: white; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"><div class="pane-content" style="overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 15px;"><div class="field field-name-field-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" rel="og:image rdfs:seeAlso" resource="https://botanwang.com/sites/default/files/styles/632_n/public/field/image/%23dsfgsgfhd%20%282%29.jpg?itok=bWd5u4Ym"><img alt="" height="527" src="https://botanwang.com/sites/default/files/styles/632_n/public/field/image/%23dsfgsgfhd%20%282%29.jpg?itok=bWd5u4Ym" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: auto;" typeof="foaf:Image" width="700" /></div></div></div></div></div><div class="panel-pane pane-node-body" style="background-color: white; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"><div class="pane-content" style="overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 15px;"><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p class="rtecenter" style="text-align: center;">1965年,卢沟桥供销合作社装卸化肥</p><p>父亲是一个地方供销社的主任,人称“郑大爷”。在那个物资匮乏的年代,供销社是取得基本民生物资的唯一渠道。基层供销社主任就是一个独霸一方的小国王,而我就是这个小王国中的“小王子”。当前供销社的死灰复燃,引发了我一串串对过往的回忆和反思。</p><p>供销社在中国大陆又高调卷土重来了。</p><p>“供销社”这个久违的名字对我却是熟悉到不能再熟悉的三个字。我从9岁开始直到大学毕业,就一直在供销社的环境中长大,我见证了中国供销社时代的“春秋鼎盛”,也目睹了它最后的凋萎没落。</p><p>在“计划经济”主导的中国,供销社系统曾一度主宰了地方经济的命脉,每片区域的供销社就像一个地方的小王国。一个基层供销社一般也就几十号人,但是王国虽小,却是整个社会的时代样板。而我就是这无数个小王国中的“小王子”。</p><p>我的父亲是共产党建政后最早的一批商业干部,被文革中断了升迁之路后就下到基层当了一个地方供销社的主任。在靠近老家的村庄,由于我父亲在家族中辈分高,庄户人都称呼他“郑大爷”,结果周围人也就跟着习惯叫他“大爷”。</p><p>可惜,“大爷”已经过世几年了,不然我倒很想问问他这个老供销,对新时代的供销社“复辟”有何感想。毕竟大爷在那个小王国中也曾是个一言九鼎呼风唤雨的存在。</p><p><strong>供销社王朝的序幕</strong></p><p>我所记得的王朝序幕还要拉回到“伟大领袖”毛泽东去世的时候。我年纪尚小,只记得家家户户人人都要戴黑袖章,胸前别朵小白花为老毛吊孝。本以为“太阳”陨落了,天会塌下来,不曾想随后不久就锣鼓喧天庆贺包括老毛遗孀的“四人帮”的倒台,国内各项政策也开始陆续松绑,整个社会反而因为老毛的死而罕见地展露出生机。各地的商业流通也逐渐活跃起来,供销社的地位日渐显著。</p><p>我父亲“郑大爷”读过私塾,能写会说,1949年以后被共产党政府拔擢为干部,20刚出头就做了县商业局的人事股长,很快就又被调到区一级锻炼准备进一步升迁,不曾想文革开始后提拔他的区委书记被打倒,他也受到牵连被贬到一个乡的党委里做宣传委员。</p><p>我们家有六个孩子,我是老六,上边是三个姐姐、两个哥哥。几个姐姐因为文革都失去了上大学的机会。七十年代末,姐姐们都快到了谈婚论嫁的年龄了,但都是农村户口,又没有正式工作就很难找到合适的对象。父亲为此很伤脑筋,并做出了一个很大的决定。懂商的父亲靠着敏感的商业嗅觉看到了供销社的前景。他借助以前在商业局留下的人脉调回商业系统,并拿到了在老家地区供销社当主任的职缺。</p><p>供销社主任就是一个独霸一方的小诸侯,我父亲走马上任之后就把几个姐姐安排做了供销社的临时营业员,解决了她们燃眉之急的工作问题。我们家也就此搬入了供销社的家属大院。随后几年,也真的像我父亲预测的那样,随着整个社会经济生产的进一步放宽搞活,供销社很快就进入了炙手可热的鼎盛时代。</p><p><strong>众人攀附的大爷时代</strong></p><p>记得我们家搬入供销社以后,每到吃饭时总是很热闹,七姑八舅的,每天都有亲友熟人到我们家拜访。连以前八竿子都打不到一起的人都会冒出来认亲戚,拉关系。一进门就大爷长大爷短地唠个不停。来访的人总会带点土特产之类礼物,推又推不掉,就只能留人吃饭,客人也就顺梯留下等主任回家吃饭时谈事。所以我们家每顿饭都做的是大锅饭,以防有不速之客突然到访。</p><p>按理说都是凭钱买货,为什么还要来认“大爷”找主任呢?</p><p>这得要从供销社的性质说起。供销社虽然看起来就是一个卖东西的商场,但它却不仅仅是一个商场,而是政府施行“统购统销”的一个重要经济部门。它是计划经济的产物,很多关系到基本民生的重要物资和商品都要通过供销系统来统一供应和销售。在相当长的一段时间里,供销社几乎是取得这些物资的唯一渠道。</p><p>那时候的商品好像不存在贵不贵的问题,一般人家想买几乎都能买得起,但是存在一个能不能买得到的问题。很多现在看起来很普通很便宜的商品在那个时候你却是想买都买不到。所以供销社才成了“大爷”。</p><p>在我的印象中,七十年代末,八十年代初,很多东西都是要凭票供应的。什么东西都可能紧缺,包括白糖、烟酒、化肥都要靠主任批条子才能多买。记得我还曾经被人鼓动,模仿我父亲的笔迹帮人批了一张买化肥的条子。</p><p>不像现在结婚要车子、房子、票子,那时候结婚的三大件还是自行车、手表、缝纫机。而这些三大件都要从供销社获得,像当时上海产的名牌产品每次供销社进货都有限额,所以每次到货的时候都是众目睽睽,必须得到主任的当面首肯才能买到手。我哥的同学考上大学靠我哥哥说项买到了一支南京钟山牌手表,让他的亲亲友友们惊羡不已。</p><p>那些年,供销社不光在销售上有特权,在收购上也有特权,每年一度的棉花棉籽收购都是供销社创收的独家生意。每个供销社都有一个专属的收购站负责收购业务。</p><p>我父亲管辖的这个供销社由于进货渠道多元,名优品牌丰富,把相邻供销社区域的顾客都吸引过来购货,在供销系统内连创营销佳绩。“郑大爷”的名号在四乡八邻都叫得很响。父亲每次领我们回老家祭祖的时候,一路上,“大爷”“大爷”的打招呼声都不绝于耳。</p><p>这样的大爷时代一直走到八十年代末。</p><p><strong>大爷迟暮 王朝崩裂</strong></p><p>供销社兴旺了大概十年左右,那时我的三个姐姐都已经成家立业了,我和两个哥哥也都考上了大学,而我的父亲也走过了他的壮年,往六十岁上走了。</p><p>到了八十年代末期,个体等私营经济已大幅开放,物资也不再像以前那样匮乏,供销社已经不是商品资源流通的唯一渠道了。大大小小的私营店铺已遍布乡村的每一个角落。虽然供销社在乡镇地区还保持了一定的影响力,但一枝独秀的局面早已不复存在。这个时候的结婚三大件已经进化到了冰箱、彩电、洗衣机,但这些已不是供销社特有的紧俏物资了,也无需主任开条子了。</p><p>我父亲年老了,他先后提拔了两个预备接班的副主任都在他退居二线后背叛了他。以前跟得很紧的那些下属,包括他亲手招进来员工,哪怕还有一些沾亲带故,满口喊“大爷”的人都随风跟了年轻的主任,对我父亲和两个留在供销社的姐姐落井下石。</p><p>而在我们家里,我们三个读大学的男孩也和我父亲产生了一些理念上的冲突。我父亲是老共产党员,还当过很多年党的宣传委员。1989年初,我们回家过中国年,发现我父亲居然把坚持四项基本原则写上了对联。向来不敢和父亲顶嘴的三兄弟第一次和家庭权威发生了激烈的争辩。我父亲觉得家庭经济状况转好是党的政策好,我们能上大学也是因为邓小平恢复了高考制度。我们得感谢党,感谢邓小平。而我们则争辩说,不是党养活了我们,而是我们养活了党,不是党恩赐我们权利,而只是党归还了我们应有的权利。</p><p>争辩并没有输赢结果,但是我父亲最后还是部分妥协了,看着我们把对联换掉也没有阻拦。随后不久就发生震惊中外的1989年6月4日天安门广场中共开枪镇压学生的血腥事件。一个以前对我父亲鞍前马后贴得最紧的供销社司机居然在我们家门口大喊:“大学生尾巴翘上天,统统都该枪毙”。幸好,我们三兄弟最终都平安回家,让父母宽慰了不少。大哥六四当天就在广场上,他身边就有人中枪倒下,他还带回一堆死伤学生的现场照片。</p><p>即使是一个小小的供销社主任,一旦放下权力,也是人走茶凉。大爷的供销社小王朝也和大爷一样走向了落寞。此后的供销社因为效益越来越差也渐渐四分五裂,失去了往日大爷当政时期生机勃勃的景象。</p><p><strong>大爷复出 难挽颓势</strong></p><p>到了九十年代,一波“一切向钱看”的商业化浪潮进一步席卷了全国。失去了计划经济政策支持的供销社在开放的市场竞争中优势全无。不少供销社网点已徘徊在生死线上。</p><p>供销社系统的上层领导有几年都是靠卖主任职位来捞钱的。只要你逢年过节给大领导勤送钱勤进贡就让你把别人替下来当主任。可是想当主任的人也是为了捞钱,本来就效益不好,你再捞一把,那这供销社更难以维持了。供销社倒了,那领导的财源也就没了。结果,我父亲在退二线清闲了一段时间后,又被请出来当主任。大爷复出了。</p><p>这就说到我父亲是如何退二线的。大爷自恃资格老,名气大,业绩好从来不给领导上贡,领导还得经常把他当先进捧着他。但是领导眼看着一块肥肉却长期吃不到嘴最后也恼了,就以年龄为原因,让他只当书记退二线,罢了他主任的职。现在肥肉变成了骨头没油水了,又把他当成能人请出来救急。</p><p>到这个时候,周围的人已经更习惯喊他“老头子”而不是当年的喊“大爷”了,对他是多了一丝钦佩,少了一份敬畏。但他的复出只是让他的供销社免于倒闭,还能养活一帮员工。要想凭他个人的能力恢复供销社的荣景几乎是天方夜谭了。即使有足够的资金支持,光凭他在共产党体制内养成的那套营销路数已经落伍了。</p><p>到了1995年,他到了正式的退休年龄也就心灰意冷地退休了。巧合的是,供销社的时代也随着父亲的退休悄然落幕了。据说,后来那个供销社被分成几块承包了出去,变成几个个体户。要是现在再去看的话,可能破旧得就像个古董。</p><p><strong>大爷的结语</strong></p><p>大爷已经走了。在最后一次和他过年通电话的时候,几乎从不认错的父亲破荒地跟我们说:“我错了,你们是对的。共产党干的坏事太多了,现在说后悔的话已经没有意义了。”也许父亲还记着以前和我们争辩的事。他可能还在为文革中遭受的打压不平,为共产党向他引以为傲的孩子们开枪感到震惊,对党官们贪得无厌的嘴脸感到厌恶,对自己的下属争权夺利恩将仇报感到寒心。也有可能他在为自己奋斗了大半辈子的供销系统的惨淡结局感到不值。</p><p>供销社作为一个时代的象征已经作古了,它是物资匮乏、经济困顿时期的宠儿,是和自由市场经济的一山不容二虎的对头。供销社的死灰复燃引发了我一串串对过往的回忆和反思。我想,即使大爷现在还在世,他也不会对供销社的回归感到欣喜,毕竟,谁都不愿回到那个不堪回首的过去。</p><p>2023-01-11</p></div></div></div></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-355387667287819559.post-73787025710376893542023-01-29T02:24:00.002+08:002023-01-29T02:24:13.166+08:00你敢一笑置之吗?多年前神预言的他 又喊大家囤货<p> <span style="background-color: #f6fafd; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Noto Sans CJK", "Noto Sans TC", "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimHei, 黑體, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em;">最近在“今日头条”有130多万粉丝的金融大V#吴小平又语出惊人,提醒大家#囤货,引起坊间猜测:这是要防再封控,还是防通胀? 正是这个吴小平,2018年9月发表《私营经济已完成协助公有经济发展应逐渐离场》,当时党媒高调反驳,舆论群起攻之,现在看却如神预言。那么对他的囤货提醒,你敢一笑置之吗?</span></p><article id="content" style="background-color: white; clear: both; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Noto Sans CJK", "Noto Sans TC", "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimHei, 黑體, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; height: auto !important; line-height: 1.2em;"><p id="conimg" style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" height="901px" src="http://m1.ablwang.com/uploadfile/2023/0128/20230128082402462.jpg" style="border: none; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="650px" /></p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">最近在“今日头条”有130多万粉丝的金融大V#<a class="keyword" href="http://www.aboluowang.com/tag/%E5%90%B4%E5%B0%8F%E5%B9%B3-1.html" style="color: #2e317c;">吴小平</a>又语出惊人,提醒大家#囤货,引起坊间猜测:这是要防再封控,还是防通胀?</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">正是这个吴小平,2018年9月发表《私营经济已完成协助公有经济发展应逐渐离场》,当时党媒高调反驳,舆论群起攻之,现在看却如神预言。那么对他的囤货提醒,你敢一笑置之吗?</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">吴小平警告:头条很多普通家庭的储备,严重不够!要做,要准备,要未雨绸缪!米,面,水,干粮,药品,电池,罐头,防烟雾面罩。这仅仅是部分而已。要做!别关心大事了,关心点小事!今年<a class="keyword" href="http://www.aboluowang.com/tag/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2-1.html" style="color: #2e317c;">欧洲</a>绝不会温吞水,若有出人意料之事,你将如何?高谈阔论?</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">其实,比吴小平粉丝多的网红多了,比吴小平名气大的科学家也多了去了,但是,像吴小平这么因为一条发言引爆网络的也不多。</p><p style="font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify;">为什么一条关于囤货的提醒会惊爆网络,肯定是引起了人们的共鸣,或者触动了人们的某种情绪,或者激起了人们的某种恐惧,或者引发了人们的某种回忆!</p></article>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-355387667287819559.post-11433050725704844142023-01-29T02:20:00.003+08:002023-01-29T02:20:39.447+08:00中國經濟殭屍化?|#程曉農 #矢板明夫 #汪浩|@華視三國演議|20230128<iframe width="480" height="270" src="https://youtube.com/embed/DThdZV9GiNo" frameborder="0"></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-355387667287819559.post-64727637587533930082023-01-27T02:28:00.003+08:002023-01-27T02:28:46.618+08:00一语双关:毛病不改 积恶成习<p> <span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, "microsoft yahei", 微软雅黑, STXihei, 华文细黑, sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">作者 </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, "microsoft yahei", 微软雅黑, STXihei, 华文细黑, sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">园丁</span></p><div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, "microsoft yahei", 微软雅黑, STXihei, 华文细黑, sans-serif; font-size: 17px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><img alt="习近平继承了毛泽东作恶多端的传统。(图片来源:Getty Images)" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="insert-width_480-6dbe91aa-4280-4b04-aa38-8e8eaf881051" src="https://www.huanyuanzhongguo.net/sites/default/files/styles/width_480/public/image/2020/10/5459_1603445104.JPG?itok=1JLjdyVc" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 20px auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" /></p><div class="fr-image-block" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #777777; display: table; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 600px; padding: 0px;">习近平继承了毛泽东作恶多端的传统。(图片来源:Getty Images)</div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">毛病,通常是指人的身体健康或者行为出问题。“毛病不改集恶成习”,是说人的不良行为如果不改正,就会形成坏习惯。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">最近在网络上,有人在看了有关中共党魁习近平的新闻报导的后面,写了这句评语,我看了直拍手称妙,因为在此它是一句双关语。这话的后面还有他没有讲完的话。这八个字令人深思。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">首先,这个毛字,可以理解为上个世纪历史时期的中共党魁毛泽东,这个习字可以理解为现在的党魁习近平。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">其次,这里的这个病字,是指被邪灵附体作恶多端。《九评共产党》指出,共产党就是一个邪教。如此说来,这八个字的整个意思是说,习近平继承了毛泽东作恶多端的传统。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">自从中共党魁江泽民交出中共独裁宝座,中国就存在一个何去何从的问题,胡锦涛当政时,江贼把他的的心腹王沪宁安排到胡锦涛身边,以保证胡仍旧延续江贼的既定方针。胡锦涛退下去后,2013年中共18大把习近平一扶上台,他就在王沪宁操纵下,宣誓继承马列主义、毛泽东思想,继承专制独裁,坚定地走具有习近平特色的社会主义道路。习近平还把王沪宁提升为中共中央政治局常委,要他主管党媒,也就是他可以操控中国的意识形态。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">王沪宁为习近平泡制了“习近平新时代特色的社会主义”,并且在中共19大写进了中共党章。习近平还在十九大报告中宣称“人民是历史的创造者,是决定党和国家前途命运的根本”。说的比唱的还好听。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">其实习近平是个说一套,做一套的两面派。习近平新时代特色的社会主义,是个什么东西呢?经过这些年实行的结果,使我们看到,它仍是一个专制独裁的,靠谎言欺骗的,用野蛮暴力和官僚特权维持的,导致国民思想封闭,人民走向贫穷的社会主义。其政治实质,仍然是毛泽东实行的专制独裁统治。其经济实质就是毛泽东时期的社会主义计划经济。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">毛泽东当年掌权,他是用虚渺的共产主义作诱饵,用“为人民服务”做幌子,用党媒宣扬的对他的个人崇拜,来欺骗广大中国基层干部和民众,作为他为他专制独裁的社会基础。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">一九四九年六月毛泽东在《论人民民主专政》一文中宣称:“领导我们事业的核心力量是中国共产党,指导我们思想的理论基础是马克思列宁主义”,这是他的执政纲领。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">毛泽东擅长耍弄权术,在政权内部排斥异己,在国家则用马克思的“阶级斗争”理论,掀起一个接一个的政治运动,他用挑动群众斗群众的方式,在二十世纪后半叶,杀害了中国八千万同胞。那时因为还有一个社会主义的苏联和所谓的牢不可破的社会主义阵营,有此障目,中国老百姓才被中共蒙蔽多年。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">马克思是撒旦魔的信徒,他宣扬的共产主义,不是真想让人民过上幸福好日子,他骨子里是想毁灭人类社会。因此马克思把阶级斗争理论作为他的哲学理论的核心。毛泽东运用这个阶级斗争,在中国实践的结果,就是使中共把自己摆到了人民的对立面。中共与人民为敌,到江泽民上台,1989年“六四”以后就更毫不掩饰了。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">习近平上台时,国际环境和国家内部形势均发生了很大变化。在国际环境方面,苏联和东欧社会主义国家已经解体,目前世界上仅存的社会主义国家,只有中国、越南、老挝、朝鲜、古巴五个。中共要保持其国际地位,就推行霸权主义,采用一带一路、金钱拉拢腐蚀,大量派出军事、文化、商业间谍窃取发达国家的军事、科技、经济情报,用这些卑鄙手段,与国际上资本主义国家抗争。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">习近平仍然与人民为敌,他害怕人民提倡民主、自由,害怕中国人民向往西方的人权。因此,他们就研发和运用高科技,对人民群众进行严密监视和控制,用颠倒是非造谣惑众,用网络封锁来阻止人民了解真相。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">但是,神不允许邪恶魔鬼总是做坏事祸害人类,习近平的国际霸权主义终究不能长久。当下,中共把瘟疫扩散到全世界,在这场瘟疫下,世界各国政要终于认识到了中共的邪恶,美国川普(特朗普)政府首先制裁习近平政府,欧洲各国也已经对中共保持警惕,习近平推行的一带一路已经遭到一些国家抵制。习近平只能与国际上的恐怖组织结盟,什么基地组织、伊斯兰国、什么朝鲜金三胖等,都能从习近平那里获得军事武器和经济援助。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">我在去年写的介绍王康的文章中曾经谈到,王康把“政党、主义、领袖三位一体”的政治主张模式称为法西斯理论。王沪宁就是用这种理论把习近平推上了实现帝国之梦的“宝座”。习近平是继毛泽东、邓小平之后的又一个独裁者,习近平的独裁梦是要把中国引向红色帝国之路。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">我以前的文章中也说过,中共在1956年通过“一化三改”以及“学习苏联社会主义建设经验”,在中国实现了社会主义计划经济和集权统治。中共不但垄断了中国的一切自然资源,而且还通过国家机器和所谓的法律,绑架了中国人民,为巩固他们的统治服务。“文革”以后,中共借口改革开放学习外国经验,把土地和一切自然资源收归国有,把国有和集体所有的经济实体,用暗度陈仓的手段,转变为官僚既得利益集团的私有公司。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">在国际上,由于美国和西方一些发达的资本主义社会国家的掌权者,还没认清中共的邪恶本质,错误的认为,对中共友好,给中国提供经济援助,在中国投资会影响和引导中国的民主化进程,于是给中国提供贷款,在中国建立工厂,为中共培养科学技术人才。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">江泽民集团当政时期,擅长搞“面子工程”,于是修建了长江三峡工程、修建了高速铁路、搞了南水北调、北煤南运、建“十个大庆油田”、在城市大搞房地产开发,建现代化城市、搞世界博览会、承办世界全运会、建设大型球面射电天文望远镜等等。也正是这些在靠外资扶植,和偷窃外国先进科技建立起来的“泡沫经济”,迷惑了国人,至今生活在中国大陆的民众,仍然以为国家繁荣、强盛了,实现现代化了。中共擅于煽动和利用国人的爱国和民族主义情绪,致使中国年轻一代人对习近平崇拜,对中共的罪恶行径无所察觉。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">在国内,中国一些年长的人,已经在经历了“文革”、林彪“913”、“六四”屠城、“法轮功”遭到残酷镇压,看到香港“反送中”被武警镇压,一国两制的假面具已经彻底撕掉,所有在他们心中,中共的“伟大、光荣、正确”光环已经黯然失色。习近平当政做出不允许西藏人、新疆人、蒙古人有宗教信仰自由,建立集中营等等事件。中共以上的这些作为被曝光后,民众在逐渐觉醒。知识界已经有很多人不再迷信中共的谎言,中共中央党校原教授蔡霞出逃来美国,揭露中共和习近平就是一例,她说习近平就是黑社会黑帮老大。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">在新形势下,中共党魁要维持统治,继承毛泽东时代的专制独裁衣钵,就必须采用更加隐晦的手段来欺骗舆论。他们以“维护社会稳定”做借口,不断地扩充公、检、法的权限,不断地增加经费投入,以至维稳经费超过军费开支。在当今互联网时代,他们用高科技手段和通讯设施,封锁境外消息真相,用人脸识别系统秘密监控人民,采用因言获罪,株连九族的办法,随意抓人判罪。在监狱、劳改所以及集中营,使用酷刑乃至活摘器官。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">最近,任志强因言获罪被判刑18年,这是习近平杀鸡给猴看,习近平已经畏民如虎,生怕有人造反,因此他惶恐不可终日,他不允许体制内的任何人有政治异见。任志强他不就是说习近平像那个皇帝新衣故事里的皇帝吗,他不就是揭穿了习近平独裁统治的本质吗,习近平专制独裁统治,把中国人民都当成奴隶,中国人只能在他们的谎言欺骗下,在他们用暴力维护下,在他们严密封锁真相下生活,他不允许人民有言论自由,因此习近平把任志强抓起来判重刑,还株连到抓了任志强的儿子来威胁他就范。难道中国人民在习近平的独裁统治下,只能委曲求全吗?其实不然,近几年中国大陆接连天灾人祸不断,就是因为习近平造孽太深,因而激起了天怒人怨。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">自从《九评共产党》问世以来,在海内外华人中已经掀起退党大潮,中共体制内的一些官僚也感到中共的末日已经不远,他们中是有一些人明白“水可载舟亦可覆舟”的道理的,在中共高官中,多数人手里都有出国护照,多数都是把亲属移民国外的“裸官”,现在他们又暗地里把钱存到国外,看来这些权贵,他们是在随时准备,到中共垮台时弃船外逃。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">总之,毛病不改,集恶成习,是违背历史发展方向的,是他们自己为保自己的既得利益和为保党,才与人民为敌的。这样一意孤行的结果,终将会被历史淘汰。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">附记:</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">9月27日美国总统川普在白宫新闻发布会上宣布,中共释放传播的新冠病毒(又称中共病毒,COVID-19),使美国累计被传染病例超过710.4万,死亡超过20.4万;全球总确诊数超过3294.2万,死亡至少99.5万。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">(文章仅代表作者个人立场和观点)</p></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-355387667287819559.post-76918099582020164592023-01-27T01:10:00.005+08:002023-01-27T01:10:55.441+08:00共是苏俄残余势力 长期破坏中华文明威胁世界<p></p><div class="article" style="background-color: white; float: left; font-family: 宋体, PMingLiU, 新細明體, SimSun, sans-serif; height: auto !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div 0="" 0px="" 5px="" class="article_left" margin:="" style="height: 1px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; width: 1px;"><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><button style="background-color: white; border-color: rgb(187, 103, 61); border-radius: 5px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; box-shadow: none; color: #664433; cursor: pointer; font-family: 宋体, PMingLiU, 新細明體, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none; overflow: visible; padding: 2px 8px;">标 签 :</button><span style="color: #666655;">作者:楚共</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span class="button" style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="https://cn.secretchina.com/news/gb/tag/%E8%8B%8F%E4%BF%84" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">苏俄</a></span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span class="button" style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="https://cn.secretchina.com/news/gb/tag/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">苏联</a></span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span class="button" style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="https://cn.secretchina.com/news/gb/tag/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">中华</a></span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span class="button" style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="https://cn.secretchina.com/news/gb/tag/%E9%A9%AC%E5%88%97" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">马列</a></span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span class="button" style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="https://cn.secretchina.com/news/gb/tag/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">马克思</a></span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span class="button" style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px;"><a rel="nofollow" style="color: inherit; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><img alt="fb" src="https://cn.secretchina.com/2017/images/icon_facebook.png" style="border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); color: white; height: 40px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: top; width: 40px;" /></a></span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span class="button" style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px;"><a rel="nofollow" style="color: inherit; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><img alt="twitter" src="https://cn.secretchina.com/2017/images/icon_twitter.png" style="border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); color: white; height: 40px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: top; width: 40px;" /></a></span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span class="button" style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px;"><a rel="nofollow" style="color: inherit; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><img alt="linkin" src="https://cn.secretchina.com/2017/images/icon_linkedin.png" style="border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); color: white; height: 40px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; vertical-align: top; width: 40px;" /></a></span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></ul></div><div class="article_right" style="float: left; height: auto !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 668px;"><p style="clear: left; font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: center; width: 668px;"><span style="color: #666655; font-family: 宋体, PMingLiU, 新細明體, SimSun, sans-serif; text-align: left;">作者:楚共</span><img alt="一名女子在陕西南泥湾的一处巨大的镰刀锤子雕塑前。" src="https://img5.secretchina.com/pic/2023/1-1/p3267621a417276591-ss.jpg" style="border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); color: white; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: top;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />2022年10月16日,在中共召开20大的首日,一名女子在陕西南泥湾的一处巨大的镰刀锤子雕塑前。(图片来源:JADE GAOAFP via Getty Images)</p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify; width: 668px;">【看<a href="https://www.secretchina.com/" style="color: #bb673d; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">中国</a>2023年1月8日讯】烟花革命再次证明新一代年青人(95年以后后出生)的勇气,他们再也不像前几代人那样任人摆布。中共说什么就是什么的时代将会在这一代人身上终结!新一代年青人对于他们不认同的事情,哪怕是中共强权,哪怕反抗不会成功,他们也要反抗一下,告诉中共,新一代年青人不是好欺的!所以,最近几天因为燃放烟花炮竹与中共官府发生冲突是必然的!</p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify; width: 668px;">中共是<a href="https://www.secretchina.com/news/gb/tag/%E8%8B%8F%E4%BF%84" style="color: #bb673d; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">苏俄</a>共产党利用其把控的共产国际在中国境内扶持起来的一支境外势力,曾经被称为共产国际远东支部。苏联是俄罗斯民族以加盟的方式吞并其他国家和民族的合法外壳。它让俄罗斯国土面积迅速扩大,成为世界的一极。当苏联解体后,俄罗斯继承了苏联在联合国的席位,而不是其他加盟共和国继承了苏联的席位,就足以证明苏联只不过是俄罗斯民族历史上的一个朝代。</p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify; width: 668px;"><a href="https://www.secretchina.com/news/gb/tag/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" style="color: #bb673d; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">苏联</a>虽然解体了,但苏俄残余势力仍然在一些国家肆虐,尤其是在中国,中共作为苏俄残余势力长期祸害中国人民,破坏中华文化和传统习俗,搞得中国山河破碎、污染遍地,一个美丽富饶的中国,被他们搞得乌烟瘴气、满目苍夷,国人精神面貌和道德素养跌入谷底,中华民族的气概荡然无存。在中华大地除了看到一群群唯利是图的金钱动物,几乎看不到执着于中华气节的好男儿!</p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify; width: 668px;"><a href="https://www.secretchina.com/news/gb/tag/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E" style="color: #bb673d; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">中华</a>之所以称之为中华,是因为有独特的中华文化、中华习俗、中华服饰、中华精神。没有了中华文化、习俗、服饰,中华民族与其他民族还有啥区别。在漫长的历史岁月中,一个民族的消亡就是这样发生的。再加上中共大量引进黑人,禁止中华习俗,破坏中华文化,若干年后谁还记得春节本来的样子?谁还记得中华节日是什么,中华有什么民俗?</p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify; width: 668px;">中国人民要充分认清中共是苏俄残余势力的本质,这些精俄、黄俄分子才是真正亡我之心不死的境外势力。它们不遗余力破坏中国文物、中华文化和传统习俗,想从根本上改造中国人,用<a href="https://www.secretchina.com/news/gb/tag/%E9%A9%AC%E5%88%97" style="color: #bb673d; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">马列</a>思想洗脑国人,泯灭国人的民族意识,用物质主义腐化国人道德情操,让他们变得极端自私自利,无法团结,这样他们才好长久统治中国从中谋利,一边长期向俄爹输送巨额利益,一边盗取国家财富转移到国外成为他们的个人私产。</p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify; width: 668px;">这就可以解释他们为什么与俄罗斯合作总是吃亏赔本的原因!因为他们是苏俄残余势力,苏联虽然没了,但俄罗斯还在,所以回报俄爹是正常的。在他们心中,俄罗斯的利益摆在第一位,宁可牺牲中国利益也要保证俄罗斯的利益!</p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify; width: 668px;">为什么说中共是苏俄残余势力?因为他们都是以马克思列宁主义为指导思想。不管在哪个国家地区,只要信奉马列主义,是当年由苏俄扶持起来的团体就是苏俄残余势力!随意中国新一代青年民族情节的觉醒,一定会与中共这个苏俄残余势力做坚决的斗争,捍卫中华文明!</p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><center style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div data-google-query-id="CN2Yt4vc5fwCFdP5_QUd3zcPgg" id="div-gpt-ad-1589559869784-0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div id="google_ads_iframe_/113758970/211-tct-mid-2020_0__container__" style="border: 0pt none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></div></div></center></div><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify; width: 668px;">二十世纪有两大幽灵,一个是纳粹,一个是共产主义,他们都是敌基督者,属于撒旦魔鬼。西方民主世界站在上帝的一边,站在正义的一边,打败了纳粹和苏联。然而西方世界对苏俄共产势力的围剿不像纳粹那么彻底,导致现在苏俄残余势力还非常强大,动不动就在各国肆虐,干尽不少丧尽天良的坏事。</p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify; width: 668px;">如今更是利用欧美自由开放的气氛,钻欧美制度的漏洞,煽动欧美人民闹事,破瓜欧美的民主选举制度,污染渗透欧美媒体,操控欧美舆论,向欧美扩散<a href="https://www.secretchina.com/news/gb/tag/%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" style="color: #bb673d; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">病毒</a>,希望有一天能和平演变欧美国家,甚至推进社会革命,复兴世界共产主义运动!</p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><center style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div id="div-gpt-ad-1589559869784-0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></center></div><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: justify; width: 668px;">所以欧美国家应该对中共这些苏俄残余势力要有充分认识,不能让其死灰复燃、继续壮大,必须向清除纳粹一样清除之,否则后患无穷!</p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><center style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div id="div-gpt-ad-1589559869784-0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></center></div>(文章仅代表作者个人立场和观点)</div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-355387667287819559.post-8983335124187242922023-01-25T20:07:00.007+08:002023-01-25T20:07:56.503+08:00“战疫”最终是“白肺心肌”<p> <span style="background-color: white; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">纪元</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold;">作者: </span><a datatype="" href="https://botanwang.com/taxonomy/term/4071" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" style="background-color: white; color: #005a8c; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-decoration-line: none;" typeof="skos:Concept">颜丹</a></p><div class="panel-pane pane-node-body" style="background-color: white; font-family: PingFangSC-Regular, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"><div class="pane-content" style="overflow: hidden; padding: 5px 15px;"><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p>最近,墙内有图片显示,有网友造出了一个新词,叫“白肺心肌”。一念这词,中国人就会立刻想到它的同音词就是“白费心机”。在如今“中国20天近2.5亿人染疫”的大背景下,这词应劫而生,就像是专门来给中共三年“战疫”盖棺定论的。</p><p>对于“白肺”,大陆有专家解释,“肺部炎症较重、渗出液较多,白色的影像区域面积达到70%~80%时,在临床上俗称白肺,学名是重症肺炎”。这表明正如网友所说,对于这波疫情,此前“专家们给出的百分之九十无症状或轻症的判断”已“沦为笑谈”。有专家在接受官媒采访时还表示,“重症的白肺患者,死亡率在40%以上”,且“要想让肺恢复到本来干干净净的状态,是比较难的,绝大部分患者会留下肺部纤维化的后遗症”。最近,“白肺”更是登上了墙内热搜,连官媒都说,“在这个就医高峰的寒冬,‘白肺’逐渐成为众人议论的热词”。这不仅是因为它症状严重,更在于其患者已从老年人群体蔓延到了青壮年。</p><p>有陆媒以“为什么年轻人也会白肺和心肌炎”撰文,这一方面证实了,年轻人已成为染疫后会出现“白肺”的不可忽视的人群;另一方面也说明了,在他们身上同样普遍与常见的还有“心肌炎”。有医生认为,“年轻人的心肌活力比较大,所以它对病毒的侵害反应也会比较强,比较容易感染病毒性心肌炎”。</p><p>在墙内的社交媒体上,很多人都在列举有年轻人近日猝死的例子,而他们的死因都直指病毒引发的白肺和心肌炎。有陆媒已将其中一些例子进行盘点,最后写出了《年轻人阳过后惊现“大白肺”,好多人心肌炎猝死,这是怎么了?》一文。墙内的大小媒体似乎都在将“白肺”与“心肌”放在一起说,并对年轻人竟会大量出现这类原以为只有患基础病的老人才会有的症状而表示意外和震惊。难怪有网友会造出“白肺心肌”这词了,其真正的弦外之音“白费心机”则更是道出了当下的实情。</p><p>细想,这不就是上天对中共这三年瞎折腾的回答吗?记得2020年,武汉爆发疫情时,中共第一时间所采取的措施竟是去解决发现病毒的医生,甚至还对外界隐瞒疫情、掩盖真相。但结果如何呢?如今,世界多国都一致认为,是中共在有意放毒、大搞生物战,随后美国原本对立的两党在病毒是否来自中国以及如何向中共追责的问题上也形成了高度统一的共识。</p><p>中共眼看瞒不过去了,便开始实施由习“亲自指挥、亲自部署”的“清零”。中国人受尽了被暴力封控、被强制核酸、异地隔离、入户消杀的苦楚之后,等来的却是冰箱清零了、钱包清零了、信用卡清零了,连人命都快清零了,可病毒却怎么都无法清零,反而还更加肆虐。三年来,老百姓看不了病、买不到菜、上不了班,在反复被“静默”的过程中,听到、看到、甚至亲身经历的都是各种人道灾难或非正常死亡。直到被封了长达三个月的新疆出现火灾、将人活活烧死在勒令居民“足不出户”的高层住宅楼里之后,要求中共下台的“白纸革命”便在大陆多个城市接连爆发了。</p><p>面对无孔不入的病毒,中共采取的竟是锁门、封楼等这种“防人”的封控手段,可见其本意并不是为了防病毒,而是为了维稳、保政权。可结果稳了吗?不但不稳,反而已摇摇欲坠、快被“墙倒众人推”了。</p><p>四通桥只来了一位勇士,就敢挂条幅抗议,打出“罢免习近平”的标语;上海两名教师就敢举着一张白纸,站在街头与一排手持武器的警察对峙。连习近平都不再否认,那些手举白纸抗议的基本都是大学生、年轻人。试想,连尚未在社会上站稳脚跟的年轻人都敢走上街头、跟中共叫板,这个政权得羸弱到了何种地步?这么多年,中共不都是“洗脑从娃娃抓起”吗?可娃娃们长大后,却不吃中共那套了;他们从小到大都生活在密不通风的防火墙里,可现在却发自内心地高喊“不自由毋宁死”“不要领袖要选票,不做奴才做公民”了,这不就充分表明,中共一直千方百计地欺骗、奴役民众是白费心机吗?</p><p>新年伊始,本是与民同乐的日子。可墙内微博上发布的习近平贺词和讲话的视频,几乎没有一条是开了评论的。大过年的、说点吉祥话,都不敢让老百姓公开回应,这“党”都吓成啥样了?如今是中国人敢骂,中共都不敢听。几十年来,这个独裁政权把刀架在老百姓的脖子上,动辄就“用刀把子杀、用饭碗杀、用舆论杀”,自以为已经成功地把恐惧植入到他们的骨血里;可现在看来,终究还是竹篮打水、白费心机了。</p><p>这还不算,三年“清零”不但在国内引发了民怨众怒,也让中共在海外的“大国形象”一落千丈。美国皮尤中心有调查显示,在2019年末疫情爆发前,欧美各国以及中国周边的邻国就对中共没什么好感。疫情爆发一年后,这些国家的民众对中共领导力的认可程度又“出现了历史上最大的一次下滑”。2020年,几乎每个国家都有一半以上(有的国家甚至达到2/3)的受访者认为,中共对疫情的处理是“糟糕”的。</p><p>这说明大家的眼睛是雪亮的,国内外很多民众都清楚地看到,中共以上十亿人的自由与性命为代价的“清零”到头来就是白费心机,其结果注定是害人害己、得不偿失。</p><p>中共坐拥权力,就让自己的权贵最先富起来,让其党徒、高官优先占用、甚至独享最优质的医疗资源。2019年,北京301医院在公开宣传自己所打造的“981首长健康工程”后,人们发现,中共早就有专门的医院可力保“赵家人”及其亲信活到150岁。其实,这其中的关键就在于,他们的器官是可以随时按需更换的。有专家透露,一般更换的器官都有寿命极限,最多只能维持10年。这意味着,高官们要想延寿,就必须定期更换自己的器官。为了满足首长们延寿、不老的需求,活体摘除比普通人身体更健康的法轮功学员的器官也就成了那些专门服务于中共高官的大医院的不二选择。</p><p>只可惜,穷尽一切无人性的手段、甚至杀人害命都要频繁地更换器官,却依然挡不住病毒的致命一击。仅在去年12月染疫死亡的中国人中,红色权贵、高官及其亲信、打手、吹鼓手们的比例就不低,其中来自中共各部门、各系统、各领域的马列子孙、中共信徒们也都难逃此劫。拿别人的命来换取自己的健康、长寿,这种道德败坏、丧心病狂的人能活到150岁?白日做梦吧!到现在,上天已更明显地在通过染疫者的症状向世人揭示,这就是白费心机。</p><p>实际上,所有的关键都指向,大疫降临是来消灭、铲除中共的;这是中共的恶报,天意不可违。2020年,大纪元已发表文章,指出历史上的“天灾瘟疫”就是“给那一王朝政权送终”,如今“病毒就是冲着中共而来”,“任何和中共关系密切的国家、城市、组织和个人,都可能成为病毒选择性感染的目标,沦为中共邪党的牺牲品”。试想,连海外的亲共者都逃不掉,国内那些罪恶滔天的亲共份子、中共党徒又怎能幸免?</p><p>法轮功创始人李洪志大师已在《理性》一文中开示,“‘中共病毒’(武汉肺炎)这样的瘟疫是有目地、有目标而来的。它是来淘汰邪党份子的、与中共邪党走在一起的人的”;中共“它背后是红色魔鬼,表面行为是流氓,而且无恶不作。神要开始铲除它了”;“如果这瘟疫是神安排的,什么办法能管用呢?”“人应该向神真心的忏悔,自己哪里不好,希望给机会改过,这才是办法,这才是灵丹妙药”。</p><p>作为华夏子民,要想避免被西来幽灵中共拿来陪葬,被其拖入死地,就应该与反神、灭佛、狂妄地要与天斗、与地斗的中共划清界限,不再听信它的弥天大谎。因为有好生之德的惟有上天,顺应“中国共产党亡”这样的天意,才能为自己赢得一线生机。等到中共灰飞烟灭,阴霾自会散尽、瘟疫也将远离这个人心向善、充满希望的世界。</p></div></div></div></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-355387667287819559.post-65940676479987958152023-01-19T12:03:00.004+08:002023-01-19T12:03:26.460+08:00李正宽:三年疫情死四亿人 为何很多人未察觉?<p> </p><p><br /></p><div class="featured_image" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Simsun; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://i.epochtimes.com/assets/uploads/2023/01/id13909247-43e0794b0687f7a6ce3782efec7ea14f-600x400.png" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2c58a3; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"><img alt="李正宽:三年疫情死四亿人 为何很多人未察觉?" class="lazy attachment-djy_600_400 size-djy_600_400 wp-post-image ll-init ll-loaded" data-src="http://i.epochtimes.com/assets/uploads/2023/01/id13909247-43e0794b0687f7a6ce3782efec7ea14f-600x400.png" height="400" src="http://i.epochtimes.com/assets/uploads/2023/01/id13909247-43e0794b0687f7a6ce3782efec7ea14f-600x400.png" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0px; 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transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><div class="adshow300" id="inarticle_ad300" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; width: 659px;"></div>近一个多月来,全国各大城市的医院里与<a href="http://cn.epochtimes.com/gb/tag/%E7%81%AB%E8%91%AC%E5%9C%BA.html" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2c58a3; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">火葬场</a>尸体横陈,<a href="http://cn.epochtimes.com/gb/tag/%E6%AE%A1%E4%BB%AA%E9%A6%86.html" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2c58a3; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">殡仪馆</a>前大排长龙,甚至出现了一炉多尸、当街焚尸、用海鲜冷库存放尸体,以及大规模扩建殡仪设施的惨烈场景,而广大农村地区也在多地出现了同一个村庄多家在同一天办丧事、多地农村增添了大量新坟的可怕画面。<p></p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">在国际社会普遍要求中共公布疫情真实数据的压力下,2023年1月14日,中共国家卫健委将原先公布的“全国染疫死亡30多人”上调了一千多倍,改称全国医疗机构在院染疫死亡病例近6万例,尽管如此,举国上下仍然对中共给出的“新数据”骂声一片。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">由于中共极力掩盖染疫死亡人数,这场瘟疫到底有多少人丧生,外界从各个角度推测、估算,都难以得到一个确切的数字。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">就在众说纷纭,莫衷一是的时候,2023年1月16日,大纪元网站首发文章《法轮功创始人:中共掩盖疫情 中国死亡人数达4亿》,报导了法轮大法创始人李洪志大师针对中国疫情死亡人数的揭秘。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">李洪志大师开示,三年多来中共一直在掩盖疫情,中国的疫情已经死了4亿人。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">李洪志大师揭示出的天机令世人感到震撼、震惊,因为这个死亡规模可以说超过了人类历史上任何一次大瘟疫。很多民众经过仔细思考与推敲后才恍然大悟,对中共的极端造假感到愤怒;也有不少人面对陌生而又震撼的真相感到难以置信,一时间缓不过神儿来。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">而中共那边一看老底都被揭出来了,再也坐不住了。迫于巨大的压力,就在大纪元发文揭秘4亿死亡人数的第二天,1月17日,中共国家统计局罕见公布,去年中国人口自1961年以来首次出现下降。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">中共此举与先前在国际谴责声浪中调高疫情死亡人数的做法如出一辙,但中共只是罕见承认了人口的下降,却仍然厚着脸皮掩盖三年疫情中死亡人口的真实数据。</p><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21px; margin: 18px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">一、上海公安局资料库泄露——全国公民数量大约为9.7亿</h2><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2022年7月初,中国最大数据泄露事件引发了海内外舆论的关注和报导。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">事情的经过是,2022年6月30日,一个名为“ChinaDan”的网络黑客在黑客论坛“突破论坛”(Breach Forums)上发布帖文,声称要出售一份从上海公安部门获取的海量数据,这些数据涵盖了十亿中国人的信息,他要价10个比特币,价值约为20万美元。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">帖文中说,“资料库包含10亿中国公民的信息和数十亿案件记录,包括:姓名、地址、出生地、身份证号码、手机号码、所有犯罪/案件详情。”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">两位不同的安全研究者证实,数据库中一个包含姓名、生日、地址、身份证和身份证照片在内的数据表大约有9.7亿行。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“ChinaDan”声称,他是从阿里云上拿到的上海公安局的搜索备份数据库。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">为了证实数据是真实的,作为卖方,“ChinaDan”还提供了他所称的样本数据集,其中包含75万条数据,全都上传到了论坛的服务器,以供各方去“验货”。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“自由亚洲电台”(rfa)的记者对数据库样品进行了梳理和调查,随机拨打了75万个样本数据中的部分电话号码,在能打通的电话调查中,至少有十几个人向记者证实被泄露的资料是准确的。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">无独有偶,《华尔街日报》经过调查后也发现,“ChinaDan”提供的数据库是真实的。《华尔街日报》表示,“网络安全专家拼凑出的新证据,表明了这个数据库的真实性。”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">而根据自由亚洲电台的报导,一位熟知中美数据产业工作的从业人员对泄露源头的可能性进行了专业分析:“当程序员在使用弹性搜索服务器(ElasticSearch)为上海市公安局搭建大数据搜索系统时,把数据备份在阿里云上,却因失误让数据后门大开,成为可在数据可视化网站Kibana下载或浏览的资讯。”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">值得注意的是,要利用ElasticSearch对数据进行全智能搜索,用户需要将全部完整的数据都要发送给ElasticSearch,这样ElasticSearch就能够利用集群[一个或多个节点(服务器)的集合]共同储存全部数据,并且在所有节点上都提供联合索引和搜索功能。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">简言之,上海公安局上传到阿里云上的数据库不太可能是部分数据,而极大概率是全部的完整数据。如此,那就意味着2022年全中国的人口就是9.7亿!</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">当然了,退一万步讲,上海公安局有可能隐藏了中共高官的个人信息和数据。我们就假设中共隐藏了全国所有公务员的个人数据。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">据2016年5月30日发布的《2015年度人力资源和社会保障事业发展统计公报》显示,截至2015年底,全国共有公务员716.7万人,这里面包括了所有的中共国家机关工作人员,即政府系统工作人员,范围是人大、政协、政府、法院、检察院等机关除工勤外的人员。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">而中共每年招聘的公务员数量为,2012年(18.8万),2013年(20.4万),2014年(20.2万),2015年(19.4万),平均一年大约20万。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">我们假设2016年的716.7万公务员在接下来的6年间一个都没死,其后的6年间每年又新招20万公务员来计算,2022年全国公务员总数也就大约837万,不超过一千万。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">这样算来,2022年全中国的人口最多也就是9.7亿+837万=9.78亿。</p><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21px; margin: 18px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">二、从身份证数量的角度透视中国人口数量</h2><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2021年,海外各大媒体报导,中共公安部内部数据显示,中国现存身份证只有大约7.8亿张。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">而根据中共国务院第七次全国人口普查领导小组的公开数据,2020年全国人口的年龄组成中,16岁以上的人口占比大约为81%。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">据中共国家统计局称,在中国,16岁以下不强制申请身份证明,但可以在监护人帮助下自行申请。而达到16岁以后则是强制拥有身份证。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">假设16岁以下的人都没有身份证,那么按照这个比例来反推,可以得到全国人口总数为7.8亿÷81%≈9.6亿,这就跟上海公安局泄露的资料库涉及到的9.7亿人口吻合上了。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">而如果2020年全国人口真是中共所公布的“14.1亿~14.2亿”,16岁以上的人口数量应该达到11.5亿~11.6亿,那么,中国应该至少有11.5亿张身份证。</p><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21px; margin: 18px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">三、疫情三年中国死了四亿人 为何人们会感到震惊?</h2><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">据国际知名人口学家易富贤估计,中国2020年人口是12.8亿,而非中共官方人口普查数据所说的14.1亿。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">如果按照易富贤估算的2020年的12.8亿,以及上海公安局泄密的数据库透露出2022年6月底(数据泄露时间)的9.7亿来计算,这是不是意味着,两年多以来中国死了至少3亿人?</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">而2022年下半年至今,特别是从2022年年底爆发的超大<a href="http://cn.epochtimes.com/gb/tag/%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%B5%B7%E5%95%B8.html" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2c58a3; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">疫情海啸</a>以来,这半年多死亡的人数绝不会低于过去两年中任何连续半年时间段的死亡人数。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">因此,三年死了四亿人,从各个数据分析的角度来看,完全是吻合的。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">可是,为什么不少朋友感受不到死了那么多人呢?为何有朋友对这个数字感到震惊、甚者感觉难以置信呢?</p><h3 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 17px; line-height: 20px; margin: 18px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1. 中共极力掩盖疫情死亡人数</h3><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">现在我们再回头看看中共几年来搞的动态“清零”与极端封控政策,或许就会有不一样的感觉了。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">很多人都想不通,中共当局为何如此愚蠢,明知道病毒不可能被“清零”,就是要偏执地去搞封控,封村、封街、封小区、转移、隔离、押送到方舱,搞得劳民伤财、民怨沸腾?为什么中共像疯了一样地在全国各地大规模扩建方舱?</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">当然,这里面有中共内部权斗以及控制民众的需要。那么,有没有可能是为了掩盖真实而又巨大的死亡人数呢?</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">在极端封控中,人与人之间的联系几乎被切断,外面到底发生了什么,被隔离的人是很难得知的。中共用铁腕强行打乱了社区联系,有的人在方舱里死了就被拉走了,甚至有的还没死就被拉走了,到底拉到哪去了人们也不得而知。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">全国各地大肆兴建方舱,就拿上海来说吧,一些方舱规模惊人,一个方舱就能放数万张床位。比如上海市国际会展中心方舱能放5万张床位,而上海其它的几个大型方舱也都能放超过1万张的床位。有不少人在多个视频中爆料,不断地有病人被从方舱里拉走,也不知拉哪去了。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">数月前,有视频显示,一个新疆官员在开会时对内部人讲,封控和清零才能掩盖真实的死亡人数,党说死了几个那就是几个。</p><h3 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 17px; line-height: 20px; margin: 18px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2. 死亡分布不均匀 不同人的感受不一样</h3><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">还有一个重要原因能够造成人们的感受不一样,那就是染疫死亡者的分布并不是非常均匀。对一些地区来说,一个小区的老人都快死光了,有的地方一个村一天就死很多人,还有的一个家庭几天之内就死去好几个亲人。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2023年1月11日,据美国之音报导,旅居美国加州的北京人关尧先生在短短8天内失去了5位亲人,包括他父亲和他的奶奶。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1月14日,赵紫阳前秘书鲍彤之女鲍简在推特上表示:“一个月不到身边朋友或其亲人走了17人了,这在我一生中都闻所未闻,莫不是又赶上千年一遇的事?”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1月15日,中国民运人士唐柏桥先生转发一个帖子:江苏无锡网友“云光何”在社交媒体平台悲痛地表示,家中六位亲人都死了,只剩下他一人。六位至今全都因为染疫而离世,其中包括他的爷爷奶奶、外公外婆、爸爸妈妈。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1月16日,陕西省宝鸡市陈仓区赤沙镇的村民林女士告诉大纪元:“村里的书记和村长都跟我说,今年疫情影响,死得太多,身体条件不好的,七八十岁、九十岁的,基本都死光了。”“有的从事业单位退休的人也死了,拉到宝鸡市<a href="http://cn.epochtimes.com/gb/tag/%E6%AE%A1%E4%BB%AA%E9%A6%86.html" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2c58a3; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">殡仪馆</a>,得排十天八天的队,排不上火化,都拉回村里<a href="http://cn.epochtimes.com/gb/tag/%E5%9C%9F%E8%91%AC.html" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2c58a3; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">土葬</a>了。”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">而对于另外一些地区来讲,可能自己的楼层里或者街道上并没有出现大规模死人。作为被蒙蔽的普罗大众来讲,只要事情没有发生在自己和亲友的身上,就不会有那种强烈的感觉。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">当年大跃进造成的饥荒在全国范围内饿死了至少三四千万人,而北京、上海等大城市的街头照样车水马龙,生活在优渥环境下的人们同样感受不到。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">中共在“土改”运动中,杀害了多少“地主”(土地拥有者), 当时几乎是“村村流血,户户斗争”,而生活在城市里的多数人可能浑然不觉。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">当中共在“工商改造”运动中,在大城市里大批大批杀害资本家、企业主和商贩的时候,当时任上海市长陈毅每天都询问“今天又有多少空降兵?”(指又有多少“资本家”跳楼)时,生活在农村里的大多数同胞可能同样不知情。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">中共对法轮功学员长达20多年的迫害中,有多少法轮功学员被迫害得妻离子散、家破人亡,甚至被活摘器官,可在中共的极力封锁掩盖下,家里没有亲友修炼法轮功的人们就很难感受到迫害的惨烈。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">简言之,信息的封闭以及灾难的不均匀分布,会造成人们出现“一个国家 两个世界”的错觉。</p><h3 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 17px; line-height: 20px; margin: 18px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">3. 长达三年的时间跨度 部分稀释掉灾难的惨烈</h3><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">公开资料显示,全中国乡级行政区大约有38,774多个。按3年1,095天来算,4亿÷1095天÷38774个乡镇,相当于平均每个乡镇每天死亡人数不到10个人。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">而一般说来,一个乡镇少则十几个村,多则数十个村,这意味着一个村平均好几天才会死一个人。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">这还是刨去了全国数百个大城市,只按农村来算的。要是算上城市里死的,农村可能平均半个月甚至到更长时间才死一个人。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">从这个角度来看,三年死四亿并不会对民众造成太大的冲击。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">而在如今的疫情海啸中,不但大城市的死亡人数暴增,一个村一天死去好几个人在全国各地已经是个常态。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">如果有人告诉您,在过去短短一个多月中,中国死亡人数达到数千万甚至上亿,您可能同样会感到吃惊。可是如果我们稍加分析,就会发现这可能并不玄。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">日前,旅居美国的原上海企业家胡力任根据上海<a href="http://cn.epochtimes.com/gb/tag/%E7%81%AB%E8%91%AC%E5%9C%BA.html" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2c58a3; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">火葬场</a>日处理尸体的数量,推算出现在的死亡人数是平时的12倍。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">其实,纵观全国范围,火葬场的焚尸炉只是中共处理尸体的一种方式。由于火化费用的大幅度提高,在加之火葬场短期内根本排不上号,农村大多都采用<a href="http://cn.epochtimes.com/gb/tag/%E5%9C%9F%E8%91%AC.html" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2c58a3; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">土葬</a>。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">一位中共体制内人士王先生日前告诉大纪元,在他的老家安徽,现在疫情特别严重。他说:“农村更厉害,天天小镇上多少家死人的,天天都办丧事。”“农村没地方火化,全部都是土葬。当地以前丧葬改革很严格,不允许土葬,都要烧掉再买棺材再下葬,但是现在死人来不及烧了。”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">除了土葬,别忘了,中共在武汉疫情爆发之初,曾经调遣了40台温度可达850度以上的“垃圾和动物尸体处置方舱”(移动火化炉)驰援武汉,每台移动火化炉每天可以烧掉5吨的尸体。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">全国到底有多少类似的移动火化炉?在这波疫情海啸中中共使用了多少台移动火化炉来处理尸体,我们不得而知。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">而且多个网络视频显示,有上海人因排不到火化,直接在小区内焚烧染疫死亡亲人的遗体。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">因此,仅仅用火葬场日处理尸体的数量来分析现在的死亡人数,很可能会造成严重的低估。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">我们就退一万步讲,刨去土葬、当街焚烧,以及移动火化炉烧掉的未知数量的尸体,就按照原上海企业家胡力任的推算“12倍”来计算,在过去的1个月中,上海累计死亡人数至少是过去连续12个月(也就是1年)的死亡量。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">那么,全国在过去一个多月的疫情海啸中到底死了多少人呢?</p><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21px; margin: 18px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">结语</h2><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">无论从中共内部泄露出来的数据,还是从中国人身份证的数量透露的信息,以及综合疫情中各个角度的数据分析来看,三年的疫情死了四亿人,这并非难以理解的。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">可当惊人的真相突然间展现在我们面前的时候,很多长期被中共谎言欺骗和蒙蔽的朋友可能一时接受不了,因为这个冲击力实在是太大了。这场疫情到目前为止,从猛烈程度来看,已经是史上瘟疫之最了。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">而如果李洪志大师不开示给我们这个天机,我们至今还会被蒙在鼓里。事实上,这些年来,李洪志大师讲出的天机一步一步都在兑现。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">早在中共病毒爆发之初,李大师就在《理性》一文中开示:“‘中共病毒’(武汉肺炎)这样的瘟疫是有目地、有目标而来的。它是来淘汰邪党份子的、与中共邪党走在一起的人的。”</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">而在这波疫情海啸中,我们可以看到,病毒如同长眼睛一般直奔中共党员和亲共名人而来,疫情中的大量死者当中很多都是中共高官、文艺界红色名人、“艺术家”,以及学术界的中共专家等。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">中共病毒仍在加紧肆虐,在这个紧急关头,李洪志大师还开示,“这波疫情结束的时候中国会死5亿人”,这意味着,接下来的疫情还会带走一亿人,这个天机同样令人震撼。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">在中国传统文化中,人们普遍相信瘟疫是瘟神在奉天命行瘟布疫,役使疫鬼在淘汰背离天良的恶人。而西方传统文化中,人们同样相信,瘟疫来自于上帝的惩罚。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">李洪志大师在这个时候将这个宝贵的天机开示出来,这无疑是上天在开恩、在慈悲挽救,好让迷中的世人能够有机会及时作出正确的选择。如果人心转变了、向善了,那么上天就很可能会网开一面,事情就有可能会向好的方向发展。</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">那么,面对汹汹的大疫,作为个人来讲,如何才能躲过劫难,逢凶化吉呢?</p><p style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 30.6px; margin: 28px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">李洪志大师谆谆告诫世人:“远离中共邪党,不为邪党站队,因为它背后是红色魔鬼,表面行为是流氓,而且无恶不作。神要开始铲除它了,为其站队的都会被淘汰。不信就拭目以待。”“人应该向神真心的忏悔,自己哪里不好,希望给机会改过,这才是办法,这才是灵丹妙药。”</p></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-355387667287819559.post-52842420900183236692023-01-19T11:13:00.001+08:002023-01-19T11:13:18.760+08:00《三体》惊世骇俗 中国人1亿将亡<p> </p><div class="featured_video" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimHei, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="video_fit_container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 379.688px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="video_frame" height="430" 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position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">繁体</a></span></div></div><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimHei, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><div class="post_content" itemprop="articleBody" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimHei, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 20px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px; word-break: break-word;"><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">【新唐人北京时间2023年01月19日讯】大家好,欢迎收看“时事金扫描”。我是金然。</p><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></div></div></div><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">今天焦点:电视剧《三体》预言地球人命运,中国人想“<a href="http://cn.ntdtv.com/gb/%E5%8E%BB%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%8E%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9.htm" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f64d1; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">去有风的地方</a>”;中国<a href="http://cn.ntdtv.com/gb/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3.htm" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f64d1; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">人口</a>负增长,出生人口比乾隆年间还低;中国正式进入缺乏年轻“韭菜”的老年化社会;中国各地<a href="http://cn.ntdtv.com/gb/%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85.htm" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f64d1; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">疫情</a>视频惊人,染疫亡故人数大解密。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">马上要过年了,虽然中国的<a href="http://cn.ntdtv.com/gb/%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85.htm" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f64d1; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">疫情</a>封控全放开了,但各地的染疫浪潮却是持续不断。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">新年期间去电影院对很多人来说仍然会有阴影,所以在家看电视剧成为了人们最安全的选择。周二,同时有两部中国的电视剧上了热搜。</p><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.35em; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 0.83em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">两部电影的思考</h2><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">《<a href="http://cn.ntdtv.com/gb/%E5%8E%BB%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%8E%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9.htm" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f64d1; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">去有风的地方</a>》和《三体》,这两部剧从风格和内容上可以说是大相径庭,甚至是两个极端。但在我看来,这两部戯可以说是最能代表这个特殊时期中国老百姓的心理现状了。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">《去有风的地方》是一部节奏缓慢的电视剧,讲一个北京女孩失去最好的闺蜜后,去云南的一个村庄散心的故事。这种剧如果放到三年前,估计真的会像一股风一样无声无息了。而现在它却是中国收视率第一的电视剧。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">有人认为是因为有<a href="http://cn.ntdtv.com/gb/%E5%88%98%E4%BA%A6%E8%8F%B2.htm" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f64d1; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">刘亦菲</a>和李现这两位流量明星在,才会收视一路走高。不过,在我看来,这样一部甚至没有什么戏剧冲突的剧,能让大家坐稳了慢慢地跟着看,与其说是被明星吸引,不如说是三年的疫情折磨,让所有人都在向往“去有风的地方”。</p><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></div></div></div><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">去一个青山绿水的不需要戴口罩的地方,一个人和人有关爱、没间隔的地方,去一个能让“心灵”也透透气的地方。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">而另一部15号刚刚上线的国产科幻电视剧则是代表了人们的另一种心态。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">《三体》是改编自2006年的一部科幻小说《三体》,这部小说据说在中国科幻小说中的地位,就相当于古典文学中的《红楼梦》,甚至还获得了被称为科幻艺术界诺贝尔奖的雨果奖最佳长篇小说奖。周日刚刚上线一小时,就打破了某平台首日热度值纪录!</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">这部书一连有三本,一共八十八万字。结构非常宏大,没法一两句说明它到底写的是什么。如果硬要描述的话,可以说是在更大天体的背景下,解构人、地球与宇宙的关系。在宇宙中,地球如海中一片树叶,微不足道,朝不保夕。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">《三体》电视剧的开头几集中,就向观众抛出了一个非常残酷的理论——“农场主理论”:一个农场里有一群火鸡,农场主每天中午11点来给它们喂食。火鸡中有一位火鸡科学家用了几乎一年的时间观察并证实到这个现象,于是它觉得发现了一个自己宇宙中的伟大定理“每天早上11点食物降临”。他在感恩节的早晨向火鸡们公布了这个定理,但当天11点食物没有降临,农场主进来把火鸡全杀了。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">电视剧一上来其实就逼着人们思考,我们人类是不是那群火鸡呢?会不会被农场主“清零”呢?</p><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></div></div></div><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">说起来真是很有意思,当人们处在巨大的天灾人祸中,会激发人们往两个极端、完全相反的方向探索:一个是把头埋在土里的鸵鸟,不管不顾,只想安静一会儿,感觉“安全”一点儿,或者心灵自我补救一下,所以就会喜欢“去有风的地方”;另外,还会在痛定思痛中,真正思考以前从来不去想的,或一听就会笑的人生的真意和真相。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">其实真相从来都在那儿,只是你的缘分能从哪个维度,你的境界配从哪个层次去了解和碰触而已。您说呢?</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">这个世界有个挺可怕的东西,就是你刚刚想好好地思考人生,现实就会一巴掌把你拉回当下。</p><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.35em; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 0.83em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://cn.ntdtv.com/gb/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3.htm" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">人口</a>负增长会带来什么影响</h2><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">1月17日,中国国家统计局公布重磅新闻:中国人口在2022年开始负增长,出生人口比大清乾隆年间的1790年出生人数还低。2022年中国人口比前一年减少了约85万人。这是自1961年六十多年来首次下降,而1961年是中国所谓三年大饥荒的最后一年。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">人口负增长会带来什么样的影响呢?用人口学家易富贤的话说就是:人口拐点是中国几千年历史的拐点,中国的社会经济和世界地缘政治、地缘经济的拐点。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">有人可能会想:人少点更好,平均拥有的社会资源还能提高呢。真的是这样吗?有社会学专家一针见血地指出了一个可怕的现象。</p><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></div></div></div><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">加州大学尔湾分校人口统计学教授王丰表示:这已经是中国人口连续第六年下降。加上预期寿命的长期上升,正将中国推入一场人口危机,中国将不再拥有年轻有活力且不断增长的人口,而开始成为一个老龄化和人口萎缩的国家。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">而造成这个结局的正是中共常年推行的“<a href="http://cn.ntdtv.com/gb/%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92%E7%94%9F%E8%82%B2.htm" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f64d1; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">计划生育</a>”政策的恶果,我看到了2003年的一张中共官方的报纸,成为了一个让人哭笑不得的见证。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">20年前的山东的《齐鲁晚报》头版,题为“2022年实现人口零增长”,副标题为“我省制定人口与<a href="http://cn.ntdtv.com/gb/%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92%E7%94%9F%E8%82%B2.htm" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f64d1; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">计划生育</a>工作战略目标”。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">什么叫“一语成谶”,如今,中共终于按时完成了这个艰巨的任务:花了35年,用4亿婴儿的生命换来了中国正式进入缺乏年轻“韭菜”的老年化社会。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">其实外界一直质疑中共的任何数据都已经打了折扣,不仅仅是这次负增长的人口数字,公布的另一个数据就更是匪夷所思。</p><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.35em; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 0.83em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">中国疫情死多少人?</h2><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">这次公布的数据中提到:2022年中国有1041万人死亡。对比疫情前的2019年的998万人死亡,数据线平稳如常毫无波澜?</p><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></div></div></div><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">看来,中共为了怕穿帮,是比照着它自己之前公布的近六万的染疫死亡数字来推算的,但就是这一个数字,还是被网友抓包。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">大家有没有注意到中共卫健委公布的最近全国新冠死亡病例的数字:59,938例,怎么就这么巧,2020年9月20号,俄罗斯发布的死亡病例数字也是59,938例,两个国家死亡数字连个位都不差,请问这种几率有多高?还是秘书偷懒了,照抄了一个?</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">那么这三年来中国到底有多少人死于疫情呢?</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">刚才是中国一线城市的深圳,再来看看湖南邵阳这样的4线中小城市的景象。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">刚才是南方两城市的状况,再到北方的吉林省通化市看看帐篷停尸的惨景。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">下面是中国某农村,人们纷纷上山焚烧祭奠死去亲人的惊人场景。</p><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></div></div></div><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">有网友针对国家卫健委公布的5万9千死亡病例,提出了三个灵魂拷问:</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">问题一:中国总共有医院35,519家,这还不包括基层医疗机构。平均每家医院每个月死亡不到2人,然后就导致医院的太平间堆满尸体?</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">问题二:全中国有大约1800个火葬场,若是说一个月死近6万,6万/30/1800=1.1个,每个火葬场每天只烧1个死者吗?怎么会造成拥堵等待?</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">问题三:全国有2800多个县,整个一个县才20多人亡故吗?看看你的周围,在睁眼说瞎话吗?</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">那么到底有多少人因为疫情去世呢?中共不敢公布,也似乎不可能去算清。但石破天惊,法轮功创始人李洪志大师,直接告诉了世人真相。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">1月16号,法轮功网站“明慧网”发表题为“确认”的文章。文章说:大陆疫情严重,三年多来中共一直在掩盖和欺骗。李大师揭示了真相:中国疫情三年多来,死亡总人数已超过四亿,这波疫情结束时会达到五亿。</p><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px auto; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div data-google-query-id="CMHDsr_U0vwCFdjU_QUdELcPkQ" id="inside_article_ad_7" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div id="google_ads_iframe_/5965368/NTDtv_cn_gw_below_article_300x250_1_2__container__" style="background: transparent; border: 0pt none; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; height: 250px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 300px;"><iframe aria-label="Advertisement" data-google-container-id="a" data-is-safeframe="true" data-load-complete="true" frameborder="0" height="250" id="google_ads_iframe_/5965368/NTDtv_cn_gw_below_article_300x250_1_2" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" name="" role="region" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" scrolling="no" src="https://43bab2a4bce3bd002f1f2c96e845ae5c.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-40/html/container.html" style="background: transparent; border-style: initial; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: auto !important; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom;" tabindex="0" title="3rd party ad content" width="300"></iframe></div></div></div></div></div><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">而更惊人的是:在疫情刚刚开始的2020年,李大师就直接撰文指出:瘟疫“它是来淘汰邪党份子的、与中共邪党走在一起的人的”。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">好了,这次的“时事金扫描”就聊到这儿。别忘了点赞、订阅、转发啊。我们下期节目时间再见。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #232323; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">《时事金扫描》制作组</p></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0